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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



THE 

SHORTER CATECHISM 

OF THE 
WITH 

ANALYSIS AND SCRIPTURE PROOFS. 



PREPARED FOR THE COMMITTEE, 

BY 

EDWIN HALL, D.D. 



PHILADELPHIA: 

PRESBYTERIAN PUBLICATION COMMITTEE, 
1334 Chestnut Street. 
NEW YORK: A. D. F. RANDOLPH. 

Cincinnati: William Scott St. Louis: J. W. McIntyre. 

Oiicago: Wm. Tomlinson Detroit: Francis Raymond. 

j t r 




Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1859, by 

The Presbyterian Publication Committee, 

in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the 
Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 



INTRODUCTION. 



The little volume now issued by the Pres- 
byterian Publication Committee has been 
prepared with much care, and at their request, 
by the Bev. Edwin Hall, D.J). In the Shorter 
Catechism of the Westminster Assembly, 
thus proved, sustained, and illustrated by 
direct appeal to the revealed word of God, 
we have an admirable compend of true theo- 
logy. Imperfect as are all human works, 
of which this is but one, this Catechism, to a 
rare degree, the more closely it is scrutinized 
the more it is esteemed for its most singular 
excellency, pith, wisdom, and Biblical fidelity. 
Familiarity with the foundations upon which 
its teachings are built will serve to fortify 

3 



4 



INTRODUCTION. 



the head and heart against the evils of false 
doctrine. 

It is trusted that the present work will be 
found upon examination to be free from those 
defects which have been observed in some 
other efforts of a similar nature, and espe- 
cially that the fulness of the citations will 
have diminished the danger of the quotation 
of irrelevant texts. 



THE 



SHORTER CATECHISM, 

WITH ANALYSIS AND PROOFS FROM THE 
SCRIPTURES. 



Q. 1. What is the chief end of man ? 
A. Man's chief end is to glorify God, and 
to enjoy him forever. 

Chief end. The end for which, he was made. That 
in which he may accomplish the design of his being 
and find his supreme happiness. 

That man was made for this end. 

Rom. xi. 36 : " For of him, and through him, and to 
him, are all things : to whom be glory forever. Amen." 

Prov. xvi. 4: "The Lord hath made all things for 
himself: yea, even the wicked for the day of evil." 

Col. i. 16: "All things were created by him, and 
for him." 

1 Pet. iv. 11 : " That God in all things may be glori- 
fied through Jesus Christ ; to whom be praise and do- 
minion for ever and ever. Amen." 

1 Cor. x. 31 : "Whether therefore ye eat or drink, or 
whatsoever ye do, do all to the glory of God." 

That in this man shall find his supreme happiness. 

Ps. lxxiii. 24-27 : " Thou shalt guide me with thy 
counsel, and afterward receive me to glory. Whom 
1* 5 



6 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



have I in heaven but thee? and there is none upon 
earth that I desire besides thee. My flesh and my 
heart faileth : but God is the strength of my heart, and 
my portion forever. For lo, they that are far from 
thee shall perish." 

Q. 2. What rule hath G-od ( given to direct 
us how we may glorify and enjoy him ? 

A. The word of God, which is contained in 
the Scriptures of the Old and New Testa- 
ments, is the only rule to direct us how we 
may glorify and enjoy him. 

The Word of God. 

Ps. cxix. 105 : " Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, 
and a light unto my path." 

2 Tim. iii. 16, 17: "All scripture is given by inspira- 
tion of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, 
for correction, for instruction in righteousness : that the 
man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished unto 
all good works." 

2 Pet. i. 20, 21 : " Knowing this first, that no prophecy 
of the scripture is of any private interpretation. For 
the prophecy came not in old time by the will of man : 
but holy men of God spake as they were moved by the 
Holy Ghost." 

Contained in the X)ld Testament. 

Luke xxiv. 44: " And he said unto them, These 
are the words which I spake unto you, while I was yet 
with you, that all things must be fulfilled which were 
written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and 
in the psalms, concerning me." 

John v. 39: '" Search the Scriptures; for in them ye 
think ye have eternal life: and they are they which 
testify of me." 

Contained in the New Testament. 

1 Thess. ii. 13: "For this cause also thank we God 
without ceasing, because, when ye received the word 



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7 



of God which ye heard of us, ye received it not as the 
word of men, but (as it is in truth) the word of God." 

2 Pet. iii. 2 : " That ye may be mindful of the words 
which were spoken before by the holy prophets, and of 
the commandments of us the apostles of the Lord and 
Saviour." 

Eph. ii. 20: "And are built upon the foundation of 
the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being 
the chief corner-stone." 

2 Pet. iii. 15, 16: "Even as our beloved brother 
Paul also, according to the wisdom given unto him, 
hath written unto you; as also in all his epistles, 
speaking in them of these things: in which are some 
things hard to be understood, which they that are un- 
learned and unstable wrest, as they do also the other 
Scriptures, unto their own destruction." 

Gal. i. 11, 12: "But I certify you, brethren, that 
the gospel which was preached of me is not after man: 
for I neither received it of man, neither was I taught 
it, but by the revelation of Jesus Christ." 

1 Cor. ii. 13: "Which things also we speak, not in 
the words which man's wisdom teacheth, but which the 
Holy Ghost teacheth." 

The ride of faith. 

Acts xvii. 11: "These were more noble than those 
in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all 
readiness of mind, and searched the Scriptures daily, 
whether those things were so." 

lea. viii. 20: "To the law and to the testimony: if 
they speak not according to this word, it is because 
there is no light in them." 

The rule of life. 

2 Pet. i. 19: "We have also a more sure word of 
prophecy ; whereunto ye do well that ye take heed, as 
unto a light that shineth in a dark place, until the day 
dawn, and the day-star arise in your hearts." 

Ps. cxis. 9, 10: "Wherewith shall a young man 



8 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



cleanse his way? By taking heed thereto according 
to thy word. With my whole heart have I sought thee : 
Oh, let me not wander from thy commandments." 

A sufficient rule. 

2 Tim. iii. 15: "And that from a child thou hast 
known the holy scriptures, which are able to make thee 
wise unto salvation through faith which is in Christ 
Jesus." 

A perfect rule. 

Ps. xix. 7-9: 4 'The law of the Lord is perfect, 
converting the soul : the testimony of the Lord is sure, 
making wise the simple. The statutes of the Lord are 
right, rejoicing the heart: the commandment of the 
Lord is pure, enlightening the eyes. The fear of the 
Lord is clean, enduring forever : the judgments of the 
Lord are true and righteous altogether." 

Ps. cxix. 2, 3: "Blessed are they that keep his tes- 
timonies, and that seek him with the whole heart. 
They also do no iniquity." 

Of unchanging and eternal truth. 

Ps. cxix. 142 : " Thy righteousness is an everlasting 
righteousness, and thy law is the truth." 

Matt. xxiv. 35 : " Heaven and earth shall pass away, 
but my words shall not pass away." 

Suitable even for children, or for the simple, and not to 
be shut away from any. 

2 Tim. iii. 15: "And that from a child thou hast 
known the holy scriptures, which are able*to make thee 
wise unto salvation through faith which is in Christ 
Jesus." 

Ps. cxix. 130: "The entrance of thy words giveth 
light : it giveth understanding unto the simple." 

A better instructor than the most learned men, or than 
the Fathers. 

Ps. cxix. 99, 100: "I have more understanding than 



PROVED BY SCRIPTURE. 



9 



all my teachers : for thy testimonies are my medita- 
tion. I understand more than the ancients, because I 
keep thy precepts.'' 

The only rule. 

Matt. xv. 6, 9: "Thus have ye made the command- 
ment of God of none effect by your tradition. But in 
vain they do worship me, teaching for doctrines the 
commandments of men." 

Gal. i. 8, 9 : 4 4 But though we, or an angel from 
heaven, preach any other gospel unto you than that 
which we have preached unto you, let him be ac- 
cursed. As we said before, so say I now again, If any 
man preach any other gospel unto you than that ye 
have received, let him be accursed. " 

Q. 3. What do the Scriptures principally 
teach? 

A. The Scriptures principally teach what 
man is to believe concerning God ; and what 
duty God requires of man. 

Deut. xxxi. 11-13 : "When all Israel is come to appear 
before the Lord thy God in the place which he shall 
choose, thou shalt read this law before all Israel in 
their hearing. Gather the people together, men, and 
women, and children, and thy stranger that is within 
thy gates, that they may hear, and that they may learn, 
and fear the Lord your God, and observe to do all the 
words of this law : and that their children, which have 
not known any thing, may hear, and learn to fear the 
Lord your God." 

John xx. 31 : "But these are written, that ye might 
believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God: and 
that "believing ye might have life through his name." 

Acts x. 43: "To him give all the prophets witness, 
that through his name whosoever believeth in him shall 
receive remission of sins." 

Luke xxiv. 27: '-And beginning at Moses, and all 



10 THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



the prophets, he expounded unto them in all the scrip- 
tures the things concerning himself." 

Q. 4. What is God? 

A. God is a Spirit, infinite, eternal, and un- 
changeable, in his being, wisdom, power, 
holiness, justice, goodness, and truth. 

A Spirit. 

John iv. 24: "God is a Spirit; and they that wor- 
ship him must worship him in spirit and in truth." 

Infinite. 

1 Kings viii. 27 : "But will God indeed dwell on the 
earth ? behold, the heaven, and heaven of heavens, can- 
not contain thee : how much less this house that I have 
builded?" 

Ps. cxxxix. 8-10 : " If I ascend up into heaven, thou 
art there : if I make my bed in hell, behold, thou art 
there. If I take the wings of the morning, and dwell 
in the uttermost parts of the sea ; even there shall thy 
hand lead me, and thy right hand shall hold me." 

Eternal. 

Ps. xc. 2: "Before the mountains were brought 
forth, or ever thou hadst formed the earth and the 
world, even from everlasting to everlasting, thou art 
God." 

Unchangeable. 

Jas. i. 17: "Every good gift and every perfect gift 
is from above, and cometh down from the Father of 
lights, with whom is no variableness, neither shadow 
of turning." 

Mai. iii. 6 : "I am the Lord ; I change not." 

Wisdom. 

Ps. cxlvii. 5: "Great is our Lord, and of great 
power : his understanding is infinite." 



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11 



Power. 

Gen. xvii. 1 : "I am the Almighty God.*' 
Holiness. 

Lev. xix. 2 : " Speak unto all the congregation of the 
children of Israel, and say unto them, Ye shall be 
holy: for I the Lord your God am holy." 

Justice. 

Deut. xxxiL 4: "He is the Rock, his work is per- 
fect: for all his ways are judgment: a God of truth 
and without iniquity, just and right is he." 

Goodness and truth. 

Ex. xxxiv. 6 : " And the Lord passed by before him, 
and proclaimed, The Lord, The Lord God, merciful and 
gracious, long-suffering, and abundant in goodness and 
truth." 

Q. 5. Are there more Gods than one ? 
A. There is but one only, the living and 
true God. 

Deut. vi. 4: "Hear, Israel: The Lord our God is 
one Lord." 

1 Cor. viii. 4 : " There is none other God but one." 

Isa. xliv. 6, 8 : " Thus saith the Lord the King of Is- 
rael, and his Redeemer the Lord of hosts : I am the first, 
and I am the last ; and besides me there is no God. Is 
there a God besides me ? yea, there is no God ; I know 
not any." 

Jer. x. 10 : " But the Lord is the true God: he is the 
living God, and an everlasting King." 

Q. 6. How many persons are there in the 
Godhead ? 

A. There are three persons in the Godhead, 
the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost; 



12 THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



and these three are one God, the same in sub- 
stance, equal in power and glory. 

Three persons. 

Matt. iii. 16, 17: "And Jesus, -when he was bap- 
tized, went up straightway out of the water : and lo, 
the heavens were opened unto him, and he saw the 
Spirit of God descending like a dove, and lighting upon 
him : and lo, a voice from heaven, saying, This is my 
beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased." 

Matt, xxviii. 19 : " Go ye, therefore, and teach all 
nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and 
of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost." 

John xiv. 26: ''But the Comforter, which is the 
Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in my name, 
he shall teach you all things, and bring all things to 
your remembrance whatsoever I have said unto you." 

2 Cor. xiii. 14 : " The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, 
and the love of God, and the communion of the Holy 
Ghost, be with you all. Amen." 

1 John v. 7: "For there are three that bear record 
in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost : 
and these three are one." 

Each of these persons is in the Godhead, yet so that there 
is but one God. 

The Father is God. 

2 John 3 : " Grace be with you, mercy, and peace 
from God the Father." 

The Son is also in the Godhead. 
1. He is called God. 

John i. 1: "In the beginning was the Word, and the 
Word was with God, and the Word was God." 

Acts xx. 28: " Take heed therefore unto yourselves, 
and to all the flock over the which the Holy Ghost hath 
made you overseers, to feed the church of God, which 
he hath purchased with his own blood." 



PROVED BY SCRIPTURE. 



13 



Rom. ix. 5: "Whose are the fathers, and of whom, 
as concerning the flesh, Christ came, who is over all, 
God blessed forever." 

1 Tim. iii. 16: "God was manifest in the flesh." 

Heb. i. 8 : "But unto the Son he saith, Thy throne, 

God, is for ever and ever." 

1 John v. 20: "This is the true God, and eternal 
life." 

Isa. vi. 3: "And one cried unto another, and said, 
Holy, holy, holy, is the Lord of hosts : the whole earth 
is full of his glory." 

[The "Lord of hosts" is, in the original, "Jehovah 
of Sabaoth."] 

Compare John xii. 41: "These things said Esaias, 
when he saw his glory, and spake of him," [i.e. of 
Christ.] 

2. The Son existed before his incarnation. 

John viii. 58 : " Jesus said unto them, Yerily, verily, 

1 say unto you, Before Abraham was, I am." 
[Compare Ex. iii. 14 : "I am that I am."] 

John xvii. 5: "And now, Father, glorify thou me 
with thine own self, with the glory which I had with 
thee before the world was." 

3. He created all things : [but "He that built all things 
is God."] Heb. iii. 4. See also Jer. x. 10-12. 

John i. 3: "All things were made by him; and 
without him was not any thing made that was made." 

Heb. i. 1, 2 : " God, who at sundry times and in di- 
vers manners spake in time past unto the fathers by 
the prophets, hath in these last days spoken unto us 
by his Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things, 
by whom also he made the worlds." 

Col. i. 15-18: "Who is the image of th& invisible 
God, the first-born of every creature : for by him were 
all things created, that are in heaven, and that are in 
earth, visible and invisible, whether they be thrones, 
2 



14 THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



or dominions, or principalities, or powers : all things 
were created by him, and for him: and he is before all 
things, and by him all things consist." 

Heb. i. 8-12: "But unto the Son he saith, Thy 
throne, God, is for ever and ever : a sceptre of right- 
eousness is the sceptre of thy kingdom : thou hast 
loved righteousness, and hated iniquity : therefore God, 
even thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of glad- 
ness above thy fellows. And Thou, Lord, in the be- 
ginning hast laid the foundation of the earth : and the 
heavens are the works of thine hands. They shall 
perish : but thou remainest : and they all shall wax old 
as doth a garment : and as a vesture shalt thou fold 
them up, and they shall be changed : but thou art the 
same, and thy years shall not fail." 

4. He upholds all things. 

Col. i. 17 : " And he is before all things, and by him 
all things consist." 

Heb. i. 3: "Who being the brightness of his glory, 
and upholding all things by the word of his power." 

5. He is Eternal and Almighty. 

Rev. i. 8 : "I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning 
and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which 
was, and which is to come, the Almighty." 

Compare Isa. xliv. 6: "Thus saith the Lord the 
king of Israel, and his Redeemer the Lord of hosts : I 
am the first, and I am the last, and besides me there is 
no God." 

6. He is unchangeable. 

Heb. xiii. 8: "Jesus Christ the same yesterday, and 
to-day, and forever." 

7. He is omniscient. 

Rev. ii. 23 : "And all the churches shall know that 
I am he which searcheth the reins and hearts." 

Compare 1 Kings viii. 39: " Thou [God], even thou 
only, knowest the hearts of all the children of men." 



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15 



John ii. 24, 25: "But Jesus clicl not commit himself 
unto them, because he knew all men, and needed not 
that any should testify of man : for he knew what was 
in man." 

8. He is omnipresent. 

Matt, xviii. 20: "For where two or three are 
gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst 
of them." 

Matt, xxviii. 20: "And lo, I am with you alway, 
even unto the end of the world. Amen." 

9. He is the Judge of the world. 

2 Cor. v. 10 : " For we must all appear before the 
judgment-seat of Christ ; that every one may receive 
the things clone in his body, according to that he hath 
done, whether it be good or bad." 

John v. 22, 23 : "For the Father judgeth no man; 
but hath committed all judgment unto the Son : that 
all men should honour the Son, even as they honour 
the Father." 

Acts xvii. 31 : " Because he hath appointed a day, 
in the which he will judge the world in righteousness, 
by that man whom he hath ordained : whereof he hath 
given assurance unto all men, in that he hath raised 
him from the dead." 

10. He is, in his Divine nature, equal with the Father. 
Phil. ii. 6 : " Who, being in the form of God, thought 

it not robbery to be equal with God." 

11. Prayer is made to him for things which God only 
can grant. 

1 Cor. xvi. 23 : " The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ 
be with you." [Grace, here, is divine help.] 

2 Cor. xiii. 14 : " The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, 
and the love of God, and the communion of the Holy 
Ghost, be with you all. Amen." 

' Eph. i. 2 : " Grace be to you, and peace, from God 
our Father, and from the Lord Jesus Christ." 



16 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



See also Rom. i. 7 ; 1 Cor. i. 3 ; 2 Cor. i. 2 ; Gal. i. 
3 ; Phil. i. 2 ; Col. i. 2; 1 Thess. i. 1 ; 2 Thess. i. 2 ; 
1 Tim. i. 2. 

1 Thess. iii. 11 : " Now God himself and our Father, 
and our Lord Jesus Christ, direct our way unto you." 

12. He is to be ivorshipped both on earth and in heaven, 
by men and by angels. 

Heb. i. 6 : " And again, when he bringeth in the first- 
begotten into the world, he saith, And let all the angels 
of God worship him." 

John v. 22, 23 : " For the Father judgeth no man ; 
but hath committed all judgment unto the Son : that 
all men should honour the Son, even as they honour 
the Father." 

Phil. ii. 10, 11: "That at the name of Jesus every 
knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in 
earth, and things under the earth ; and that every 
tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the 
glory of God the Father." 

Rev. v. 13, 14: "And every creature which is in 
heaven, and on the earth, and under the earth, and 
such as are in the sea, and all that are in them, heard 
I saying, Blessing, and honour, and glory, and power, 
be unto him that sitteth upon the throne, and unto the 
Lamb, for ever and ever. And the four beasts said, 
Amen. And the four-and-twenty elders fell clown and 
worshipped him that liveth for ever and ever." 

The Holy Ghost is also in the Godhead. 
1. His personality. 

John xiv. 16, 17, 26 : "And I will pray the Father, and 
he shall give you another Comforter, that he may abide 
with you forever : even the Spirit of truth : whom the 
world cannot receive, because it seeth him not, neither 
knoweth him : but ye know him ; for he dwelleth with 
you, and shall be in you. But the Comforter, which is 
the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in my 
name, he shall teach you all things, and bring all things 



PROVED BT SCRIPITRE. 



17 



to your remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto 
you." 

[Here the Holy Ghost is in some way distinct from 
the Father and from the Son. He has personal attri- 
butes : is not spoken of as "It," a mere influence from 
the Father, but as --He/ 7 a person.] 

2. His Divinity. 

Spoken of as God. Acts v. 3, 4: "But Peter said, 
Ananias, why hath Satan filled thine heart to lie to the 
Holv Ghost V Thou hast not lied unto men, but unto 
God." 

As the hestoicer of miraculous gifts to men. 1 Cor. xii. 
8—11 : " For to one is given by the Spirit the word of 
wisdom ; to another the word of knowledge by the same 
Spirit : to another faith by the same Spirit ; to another 
the gifts of healing by the same Spirit ; to another the 
working of miracles: to another prophecy: to another 
discerning of spirits : to another divers kinds of tongues ; 
to another the interpretation of tongues : but all these 
worketh that one and the selfsame Spirit, dividing to 
every man severally as he will.*' 

As joined icith the Father and the Son in the Divine 
Trinity. Matt, xxviii. 19: '-Baptizing them in the 
name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy 
Ghost.*' 

So also in 2 Cor. xiii. 11: -'The grace of the Lord 
Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the communion 
of the Holy Ghost, be with you all. Amen/' 

These Three are One God. 
See under Q. 5. 

1 John v. 7 : ; *For there are three that bear record 
in heaven, the Father, the Word and the Holy Ghost : 
and these three are one." 
THZ SA3IE EN substance. 

Heb. i. 3: -Who being the brightness of his glory, 
and the express intake of his person.' 7 
2* 



18 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



["The brightness of his glory" here is expressed in 
the original by words which signify "the radiance of 
Ms splendor." From this was taken the expression in 
the ancient Creed, "Light of light" to denote the union 
in substance of the Son with the Father. The word 
"person" in the passage is, in the original, expressed 
by a word which signified substance; like the Latin 
sub-sians, — whence comes our English substance. Hence 
came the expression in the ancient creeds, " Of the 
same substance" which is retained in the Westminster 
Confession, chap. viii. \ 2, "Of one substance with the 
Father ;" and in the Larger Catechism, Q. 36, " Of one 
substance and equal with the Father." The expression 
in our Catechism, " The same in substance" has there- 
fore not only the support of ancient creeds, but is taken 
directly from the word of God.] 
Equal in power and glory. 

Each is divine. Divinity, infinite in power and 
glory, admits no degree of inferiority or comparison. 
As man, Christ could say, (John xiv. 28 :) " My Father 
is greater than I." As God, he would say, (John x. 30 :) 
" I and my Father are one." 

Q. 7. What are the decrees of God ? 

A. The decrees of God are his eternal pur- 
pose^ according to the counsel of his will, 
whereby, for his own glory, he hath foreor- 
dained whatsoever comes to pass. 

His eternal purpose. 

Eph. i. 11 : "In whom also we have obtained an in- 
heritance, being predestinated according to the purpose 
of him who worketh all things after the counsel of his 
own will." 



PROVED BY SCRIPTURE. 



19 



Eph. iii. 11: "According to the eternal purpose 
■which he purposed in Christ Jesus our Lord." 

"Isa. xlvi. 10 : " Declaring the end from the beginning, 
and from ancient times the things that are not yet 
done, saying, My counsel shall stand, and I will do all 
my pleasure." 

For his own glory. 

Rom. xi. 86: " For of him, and through him, and to 
him, are all things : to whom be glory forever. Amen." 

Whatsoever comes to pass. 

Eph. i. 11 : " According to the purpose of him who 
worketh all things after the counsel of his own will." 

[God's purposes extend to the worst deeds of the xvorst 
men ; yet not so that he is the author of their sin, or as to 
interfere with their full liberty and responsibility, nor in 
any way inconsistent with his hatred of sin, or tvith his 
sincerity in calling on man to turn and live.~\ 

Acts ii. 23 : " Him, being delivered by the determinate 
counsel and foreknowledge of God, ye have taken, and 
by wicked hands have crucified and slain." 

Luke xxii. 22 : " And truly the Son of man goeth as 
it was determined ; but woe unto that man by whom he 
is betrayed !" 

Acts iv. 27, 28 : " For of a truth against thy holy child 
Jesus, whom thou hast anointed, both Herod, and 
Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles, and the people of 
Israel, were gathered together, for to do whatsoever 
thy hand and thy counsel determined before to be 
done." 

Isa. x. 5-7, 12: "0 Assyrian, the rod of mine 
anger, and the staff in their hand is mine indignation. 
I will send him against an Irypocritical nation, and 
against the people of my wrath will I give him a 
charge, to take the spoil, and to take the prey, and to 
tread them down like the mire of the streets. Howbeit 
he meaneth not so, neither doth his heart think so ; 



20 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



but it is in his heart to destroy and cut off nations not 
a few. Wherefore it shall come to pass, that when the 
Lord hath performed his whole work upon mount Zion 
and on Jerusalem, I will punish the fruit of the stout 
heart of the king of Assyria, and the glory of his high 
looks." 

Gen. 1. 20: "But as for you, ye thought evil against 
me ; but God meant it unto good, to bring to pass, as 
it is this day, to save much people alive." 

Ps. lxxvi. 10 : " Surely the wrath of man shall 
praise thee ; the remainder of wrath shalt thou re- 
strain." 

Jer. xliv. 4: "Howbeit, I sent unto you all my ser- 
vants the prophets, rising early and sending them, 
saying, Oh, do not this abominable thing that I hate." 

Jas. i. 13 : " Let no man say when he is tempted, I 
am tempted of God : for God cannot be tempted with 
evil, neither tempteth he any man." 

Ezek. xxxiii. 11 : " Say unto them, As I live, saith 
the Lord God, I have no pleasure in the death of the 
wicked, but that the wicked turn from his way and 
live : turn ye, turn ye from your evil ways ; for why 
will ye die?" 

Q. 8. How doth God execute his decrees? 
A. God executeth his decrees in the works 
of creation and providence. 

Rev. iv. 11 : " Thou art worthy, Lord, to receive 
glory, and honour, and power ; for thou hast created 
all things, and for thy pleasure they are and were 
created." 

Ps. ciii. 19 : " The Lord hath prepared his throne in 
the heavens ; and his kingdom ruleth over all." 

Q. 9. What is the work of creation? 
A. The work of creation is, God's making 
all things of nothing, by the word of his 



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21 



power, in the space of six days, and all very 
good. 

God made all things. 

Gen. i. 1 : "In the beginning God created the heaven 
and the earth." 

Out of nothing, by the word of his power. 

Heb. xi. 3 : " Through faith we understand that the 
worlds were framed by the word of God, so that things 
which are seen were not made of things which do 
appear." 

Ps. xxxiii. 6 : "By the word of the Lord were the 
heavens made ; and all the host of them by the breath 
of his mouth." 

In the space of six days. 

Ex. xx. 11 : " For in six days the Lord made heaven 
and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested 
the seventh day : wherefore the Lord blessed the sab- 
bath-day, and hallowed it." 

And all very good. 

Gen. i. 31 : "And God saw every thing that he had 
made : and behold, it was very good." 

Q. 10. How did God create man ? 

A. God created man male and female, after 
his own image, in knowledge, righteousness, 
and holiness, with dominion over the crea- 
tures. 

God created man. 

Gen. ii. 7: "And the Lord God formed man of the 
dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the 
breath of life ; and man became a living soul." 

After his own image, male and female. 

Gen. i. 27 : " So God created man in his own image, 
in the image of God created he him ; male and female 
created he them." 



22 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



In knowledge, righteousness, and holiness. 

Col. iii. 10 : " And have put on the new man, which 
is renewed in knowledge after the image of him that 
created him." 

Eph. iv. 24: "And that ye put on the new man, 
which after God is created in righteousness and true 
holiness." 

Eccl. vii. 29 : " Lo, this only have I found, that God 
hath made man upright ; but they have sought out 
many inventions." 

With dominion over the creatures. 

Gen. i. 28 : " And God blessed them, and God said 
unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish 
the earth, and subdue it : and have dominion over the 
fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over 
every living thing that moveth upon the earth." 

Q. 11. What are God's works of provi- 
dence ? 

A. God's works of providence are his most 
holy, wise, and powerful preserving and 
governing all his creatures, and all their 
actions. 

Most holy. 

Ps. cxlv. 17 : " The Lord is righteous in all his ways, 
and holy in all his works." 

Wise. 

Isa. xxviii. 29: "This also cometh forth from the 
Lord of hosts, which is wonderful in counsel, and 
excellent in working." 

Powerful. 

Ps. lxvi. 7: " He ruleth by his power forever; his 
eyes behold the nations : let not the rebellious exalt 
themselves." 



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23 



Preserving. 

Ps. xxxvi. 6: "0 Lord, thou preservest man and 
beast." 

Acts xvii. 28: "For in him we live, and move, and 
have our being.' 1 

Ps. cxlv. 15, 16: "The eyes of all wait upon thee; 
and thou givest them their meat in due season. Thou 
openest thine hand, and satisfiest the desire of every 
living thing." 

Matt. vi. 26-30: "Behold the fowls of the air; for 
they sow not, neither do they reap, nor gather into 
barns : yet your heavenly Father feedeth them. Are 
ye not much better than they ? Which of you by 
taking thought can add one cubit unto his stature ? 
And why take ye thought for raiment? Consider the 
lilies of the field, how they grow ; they toil not, neither 
do they spin: and yet I say unto you, That even 
Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of 
these. Wherefore, if God so clothe the grass of the 
field, which to-day is, and to-morrow is cast into the 
oven, shall he not much more clothe you, ye of little 
faith?" 

Matt. x. 29-31: "Are not two sparrows sold for a 
farthing ? and one of them shall not fall on the ground 
without your Father. But the very hairs of your head 
are all numbered. Fear ye not, therefore : ye are of 
more value than many sparrows." 

Governing all his creatures and all their actions. 

Ps. ciii. 19 : " The Lord hath prepared his throne in 
the heavens ; and his kingdom ruleth over all." 

Eph. i. 11: "According to the purpose of him who 
worketh all things after the counsel of his own will." 

Ps. cxxxv. 6: ''Whatsoever the Lord pleased, that 
did he in heaven, and in earth, in the seas and al 1 
deep places." 

Ps. xxxiii. 10, 11 : " The Lord bringeth the counsel 
of the heathen to naught : he maketh the devices of the 
people of none effect. The counsel of the Lord stand- 



24 THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



eth forever, the thoughts of his heart to all genera- 
tions." 

Ps. lxxvi. 10 : " Surely the wrath of man shall praise 
thee ; the remainder of wrath shalt thou restrain." 

Q. 12. What special act of providence did 
God exercise towards man in the estate 
wherein he was created? 

A. When God had created man, he entered 
into a covenant of life with him, upon con- 
dition of perfect obedience- forbidding him 
to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good 
and evil, upon the pain of death. 

Gen. ii. 16, 17: "And the Lord God commanded the 
man, saying, Of every tree of the garden thou mayest 
freely eat : but of the tree of the knowledge of good 
and evil, thou shalt not eat of it : for in the day that 
thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die." 

Rom. vii. 10: " The commandment . . . was ordained 
to life." 

Rom. vi. 23 : " The wages of sin is death." 
Rom. v. 12: "And so death passed upon all men, 
for that all have sinned." 

Q. 13. Did our first parents continue in the 
estate wherein they were created ? 

A. Our first parents, being left to the 
freedom of their own will, fell from the estate 
wherein they were created, by sinning against 
God. 

Gen. iii. 6: "And when the woman saw that the 
tree was good for food, and that it was pleasant to the 
eyes, and a tree to be desired to make one wise ; she 
took of the fruit thereof, and did eat ; and gave also 
unto her husband with her, and he did eat." 

Gen. iii. 17, 19: "Because thou hast hearkened 



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25 



unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree 
of which I commanded thee, saying, Thou shalt not 
eat of it : cursed is the ground for thy sake ; in sorrow 
shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life ; in the 
sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return 
unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for 
dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return." 

Q, 14. What is sin ? 

A. Sin is any want of conformity unto, or 
transgression of, the law of God. 

Rom. vii. 14: "For we know that the law is spirit- 
ual: but I am carnal, sold under sin." 

Horn. viii. 7: "Because the carnal mind is enmity 
against God: for it is not subject to the law of God. 
neither indeed can be." 

1 John iii. 4: "Whosoever committeth sin trans- 
gresseth also the law : for sin is the transgression of 
the law." 

James, iv. 17 : " Therefore to him that knoweth to do 
good, and doeth it not, to him it is sin." 

Matt. xxv. 30: "And cast ye the unprofitable ser- 
vant into outer darkness : there shall be weeping and 
gnashing of teeth." 

[See the whole parable. Matt. xxv. 14-30. Also Matt, 
xxv. 41-46.] 

Q. 15? What was the sin whereby our first 
parents fell from the estate wherein they 
were created ? 

A. The sin whereby our first parents fell 
from the estate wherein they were created, 
was their eating the forbidden fruit. 

See proof to Answer 13. Gen. iii. 6. 

Q. 16. Did all mankind fall in Adam's first 
transgression ? 

3 



26 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



A. The covenant being made with Adam, 
not only for himself, but for his posterity, all 
mankind, descending from him by ordinary 
generation, sinned in him, and fell with him, 
in his first transgression. 

Rom. v. 12 : " Wherefore as by one man sin entered 
into the world, and death by sin : and so death passed 
upon all men, for that all have sinned." 

Rom. v. 15: "For if by the offence of one many be 
dead." 

Rom. v. 16 : "For the judgment was by one to con- 
demnation." 

Rom. v. 17: " For if by one man's offence death 
reigned by one." 

Rom. v. 18: "Therefore as by the offence of one, 
judgment came upon all men to condemnation." 

Rom. v. 19: "For as by one man's disobedience 
many were made sinners." 

1 Cor. xv. 22 : " For as in Adam all die.' 

All mankind, descending from him by ordinary generation. 
[Christ is excepted, who was not by ordinary gene- 
ration, and who (2 Cor. v. 21) knew no sin.] 

Q. 17. Into what estate did the fall bring 
mankind ? 

A. The fall brought mankind into an estate 
of sin and misery. 

An estate \_condition~] of sin. 

Rom. v. 19 : " By one man's disobedience many were 
made sinners." 

Eccl. vii. 20: "For there is not a just man upon 
earth, that doeth good and sinneth not." 

An estate of misery. 

Gal. iii. 10: "Cursed is every one that continueth 



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27 



not in all things which are written in the book of the 
law to do them/' 

Ps. xc. 3, 7-10: ;; Thou turnest man to destruc- 
tion : and sayest, Return, ye children of men. For we 
are consumed by thine anger, and by thy wrath are we 
troubled. Thou hast set our iniquities before thee, our 
secret sins in the light of thy countenance. For all our 
days are passed away in thy wrath: we spend our 
years as a tale that is told. The days of our years 
are threescore years and ten : and if by reason of 
strength they be fourscore years, yet is their strength 
labour- and sorrow ; for it is soon cut off, and we fly 
away." 

Job xiv. 1, 2: "Man that is born of a woman is of 
few days, and full of trouble. He cometh forth like a 
flower, and is cut down : he fieeth also as a shadow, 
and continueth not." 

Q. IS. Wherein consists the sinfulness of 
that estate whereinto man fell ? 

A. The sinfulness of that estate whereinto 
man fell, consists in the guilt of Adam's first 
sin, the want of original righteousness, and 
the corruption of his whole nature, which is 
commonlv called original sin ; together with 
all actual transgressions which proceed from 
it. 

Gu in of A dam ' s first s in . 

Horn. v. 18: ^Therefore as by the offence of one 
judgment came upon all men to condemnation." 

The want of original righteousness. 

Rom. t. 12: " Wherefore as by one man sin entered 
into the world. 77 

Eccl. yii. 29 : " God hath made man upright. 7 ' 
Rom. iii. 10: ' ; There is none righteous, no, not one. 77 



28 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



The corruption of the whole nature, which is commonly 
called original sin. 

Ps. li. 5: "Behold, I was shapen in iniquity; and 
in sin did my mother conceive me." 

Rom. vii. 18, 23, 24: "For I know that in me (that 
is, in my flesh) dwelleth no good thing : for to will is 
present with me ; but how to perform that which is 
good, I find not. But I see another law in my mem- 
bers warring against the law of my mind, and bringing 
me into captivity to the law of sin which is in my 
members. Oh wretched man that I am! who shall de- 
liver me from the body of this death?" 

Eph. ii. 1 : "You hath he quickened, who were dead 
in trespasses and sins." 

John iii. 3 : "Except a man be born again, he can- 
not see the kingdom of God." 

Eph. ii. 3: "And were by nature the children of 
wrath, even as others." 

Actual transgressions which proceed from it. 

Rom. vii. 8: "But sin, taking occasion by the com- 
mandment, wrought in me all manner of concupiscence." 

Matt. xv. 19: "For out of the heart proceed evil 
thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false 
witness, blasphemies." 

James i. 14, 15: "But every man is tempted, when 
he is drawn away of his own lust, and enticed. Then, 
when lust hath conceived, it bringeth forth sin; and 
sin, when it is finished, bringeth forth death." 

For the actual sins prevalent among the heathen, see 
Rom. i. 24-32. 

For the actual sins prevalent among the people of 
Israel, see Rom. iii. 9-20. 

Q. 19. What is the misery of that estate 
whereinto man fell? 

A. All mankind by their fall lost commu- 



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29 



nion with God, are under his wrath and curse, 
and so made liable to all miseries in this life, 
to death itself, and to the pains of hell for- 
ever. 

Lost communion with God. 

Gen. iii. 24: "So lie drove ont the man: and he 
placed at the east of the garden of Eden cherubims, 
and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep 
the way of the tree of life." 

Ps. v. 4, 5: "For thou art not a God that hath 
pleasure in wickedness : neither shall evil dwell with 
thee. The foolish shall not stand in thy sight : thou 
hatest all workers of iniquity." 

Are under Ms wrath and curse. 

Eph. ii. 8: "And were by nature the children of 
wrath, even as others." 

Gal. iii. 10: "Cursed is every one that continueth 
not in all things which are written in the book of the 
law, to do them." 

Rom. i. 18 : "For the wrath of God is revealed from 
heaven against all ungodliness, and unrighteousness 
of men, who hold the truth in unrighteousness." 

Rom. ii. 8, 9: "But unto them that are contentious, 
and do not obey the truth, but obey unrighteousness, 
indignation and wrath, tribulation and anguish, upon 
every soul of man that doeth evil ; of the Jew first, and 
also of the Gentile." 

Miseries in this life. 

Gen. iii. 17: "And unto Adam he said, Cursed is 
the ground for thy sake : in sorrow shalt thou eat of it 
all the days of thy life." 

To death itself. 

Bom. v. 12: "And so death passed upon all men, 
for that all have sinned." 

3* 



30 THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



And to the pains of hell forever. 

Ps. ix. 17: " The wicked shall be turned into hell, 
and all the nations that forget God." 

Q. 20. Did God leave all mankind to perish 
in the estate of sin and misery ? 

A. God, having out of his mere good plea- 
sure, from all eternity , elected some to ever- 
lasting life, did enter into a covenant of 
grace, to deliver them out of the estate of sin 
and misery, and to bring them into an estate 
of salvation by a Eedeemer. 

Elected some to everlasting life. 

2 Thess. ii. 13: " But we are bound to give thanks 
always to God for you, brethren beloved of the Lord, 
because God hath from the beginning chosen you to 
salvation, through sanctification of the Spirit, and 
belief of the truth." 

From all eternity. 

Eph. i. 4: " According as he hath chosen us in him, 
before the foundation of the world, that we should be 
holy and without blame before him in love." 

Out of his mere good pleasure. 

Eph. i. 5: "Having predestinated us unto the 
adoption of children by Jesus Christ to himself, ac- 
cording to the good pleasure of his will." 

Eph. i. 11 : "In whom also we have obtained an in- 
heritance, being predestinated according to the purpose 
of him who worketh all things after the counsel of his 
own will." 

2 Tim. i. 9 : " Who hath saved us, and called us with 
an holy calling, not according to our works, but ac- 
cording to his own purpose and grace, which was given 
us in Christ Jesus before the world began." 



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31 



Did enter into a covenant to deliver them by a Redeemer. 

Titus i. 2: "In hope of eternal life, which God, that 
cannot lie, promised before the world began." 

Ps. lxxxix. 3: "I haye made a covenant with my 
chosen." 

Gen. iii. 15: "And I will put enmity between thee 
and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed : 
it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his 
heel." 

Ps. ex. 1-4: "The Lord said unto my Lord. Sit 
thou at my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy 
footstool. The Lord shall send the rod of thy strength 
out of Zion : rule thou in the midst of thine enemies. 
Thy people shall be willing in the day of thy power, in 
the beauties of holiness from the womb of the morning : 
thou hast the dew of thy youth. The Lord hath sworn, 
and will not repent, Thou art a priest forever, after the 
order of Melchizedek." 

Ps. ii. 7, 8 : "I will declare the decree : the Lord hath 
said unto me, Thou art my Son ; this day have I be- 
gotten thee. ' Ask of me, and I shall give thee the 
heathen for thine inheritance, and the uttermost parts 
of the earth for thy possession." 

Isa. liii. 3-12 : " He is despised and rejected of men : 
a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief: and we 
hid as it were our faces from him : he was despised, 
and we esteemed him not. Surely he hath borne our 
griefs, and carried our sorrows : yet we did esteem him 
stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted. But he was 
wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our 
iniquities ; the chastisement of our peace was upon 
him ; and with his stripes we are healed. All we like 
sheep have gone astray ; we have turned every one to 
his own way ; and the Lord hath laid on him the 
iniquity of us all. He was oppressed, and he was 
afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth : he is brought 
as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her 
shearers is dumb, so he opened not his mouth. He was 



32 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



taken from prison and from judgment : and who shall 
declare his generation ? for he was cut off out of the 
land of the living : for the transgression of my people 
was he stricken. And he made his grave with the 
wicked, and with the rich in his death ; because he had 
done no violence, neither was any deceit in his mouth. 
Yet it pleased the Lord to bruise him ; he hath put him 
to grief : when thou shalt make his soul an offering for 
sin, he shall see his seed, he shall prolong his days, and 
the pleasure of the Lord shall prosper in his hand. He 
shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied ; 
by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify 
many ; for he shall bear their iniquities. Therefore 
will I divide him a portion with the great, and he shall 
divide the spoil with the strong ; because he hath 
poured out his soul unto death : and he was numbered 
with the transgressors ; and he bare the sin of many, 
and made intercession for the transgressors." 

Isa. xi. 1-9: "And there shall come forth a rod out 
of the stem of Jesse, and a branch shall grow out of his 
roots : and the Spirit of the Lord shall rest upon him, 
the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of 
counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and of the 
fear of the Lord ; and shall make him of quick under- 
standing in the fear of the Lord: and he shall not 
judge after the sight of his eyes, neither reprove after 
the hearing of his ears : but with righteousness shall 
he judge the poor, and reprove with equity for the 
meek of the earth : and he shall smite the earth with 
the rod of his mouth, and with the breath of his lips 
shall he slay the wicked. And righteousness shall be 
the girdle of his loins, and faithfulness the girdle of his 
reins. The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and 
the leopard shall lie down with the kid ; and the calf 
and the young lion and the fatling together ; and a 
little child shall lead them. And the cow and the bear 
shall feed ; their young ones shall lie down together : 
and the lion shall eat straw like the ox. And the suck- 
ing child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the 



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33 



weaned child shall put his hand on the cockatrice's 
den. They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy 
mountain : for the earth shall be full of the knowledge 
of the Lord, as the waters cover the sea." 

Dan. ix. 26, 27: "And after threescore and two 
weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but not for himself: 
and the people of the prince that shall come shall de- 
stroy the city and the sanctuary ; and the end thereof 
shall be with a flood, and unto the end of the war deso- 
lations are determined. And he shall confirm the 
covenant with many for one week : and in the midst 
of the week he shall cause the sacrifice and the obla- 
tion to cease, and for the overspreading of abomina- 
tions, he shall make it desolate, even until the consum- 
mation, and that determined shall be poured upon the 
desolate." 

Luke xxiv. 25-27 : " Then he said unto them, fools, 
and slow of heart to believe all that the prophets have 
spoken ! Ought not Christ to have suffered these 
things, and to enter into his glory ? And beginning at 
Moses, and all the prophets, he expounded unto them 
in all the scriptures the things concerning himself." 

Q. 21. Who is the Eedeemer of God's 
elect ? 

A. The only Eedeemer of God's elect is the 
Lord Jesus Christ; who, being the eternal 
Son of God, became man, and so was, and 
continueth to be, God and man, in two dis- 
tinct natures, and one person, forever. 

Redeemer. 

Isa. lix. 20: "And the Redeemer shall come to Zion, 
and unto them that turn from transgression in Jacob, 
saith the Lord-" 

Gal. iv. 4, 5 : " But when the fulness of the time was 
come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made 
under the law, to redeem them that were under the 
law, that we might receive the adoption of sons." 



34 THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



The only Redeemer. 

Acts iv. 12: "Neither is there salvation in any- 
other: for there is none other name under heaven 
given among men, whereby we must be saved." 

John iii. 36: "He that believeth on the Son hath 
everlasting life : and he that believeth not the Son 
shall not see life; but the wrath of God abideth on 
him." 

Who being the eternal Son of God. 

Heb. i. 1, 2 : " God, who at sundry times and in divers 
manners spake in time past unto the fathers by the 
prophets, hath in these last days spoken unto us by his 
Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things, by 
whom also he made the worlds." 

Heb. i. 8, 10: "But unto the Son he saith, Thy 
throne God, is for ever and ever. And, Thou, Lokd, 
in the beginning hast laid the foundation of the earth ; 
and the heavens are the work of thy hands." 

Phil. ii. 5, 6: "Let this mind be in you, which was 
also in Christ Jesus : who, being in the form of God, 
thought it not robbery to be equal with God." 

John xvi. 28: "I came forth from the Father, and 
am come into the world : again, I leave the world, and 
go to the Father." 

John xvii. 5: "And now, Father, glorify thou me 
with thine own self, with the glory which I had with 
thee before the world was." 

Became man. 

Gal. iv. 4: "But when the fulness of the time was 
come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made 
under the law." 

John i. 14: "And the Word was made flesh, and 
dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as 
of the only -begotten of the Father,) full of grace and 
truth." 

Heb. ii. 16, 17: "For verily he took not on him the 
nature of angels ; but he took on him the seed of 



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35 



Abraham. "Wherefore in all things it behooved him to 
be made like unto his brethren ; that he might be a 
merciful and faithful High-Priest in things pertaining 
to God, to make reconciliation for the sins of the 
people." 

1 Tim. ii. 5: "For there is one God, and one me- 
diator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus." 

God and man, in two distinct natures, and one person. 

1 Tim. iii. 16: "And, without controversy, great is 
the mystery of godliness : God was manifest in the 
flesh, justified in the Spirit, seen of angels, preached 
unto the Gentiles, believed on in the world, received up 
into glory." 

Col. ii. 9: "For in him dwelleth all the fulness of 
the Godhead bodily." 

Rom. ix. 5: "Whose are the fathers, and of whom, 
as concerning the flesh, Christ came, who is over all, 
God blessed forever. Amen." 

Rom. i. 3, 4: "Concerning his Son Jesus Christ our 
Lord, which was made of the seed of David according 
to the flesh ; and declared to be the Son of God with 
power, according to the Spirit of holiness, by the resur- 
rection from the dead." 

And so continueth, God and man, in two distinct natures, 
and one person, forever. 

Acts i. 11: "Which also said, Ye men of Galilee, 
why stand ye gazing up into heaven? this same Jesus 
which is taken up from you into heaven shall so come 
in like manner as ye have seen him go into heaven." 

Heb. vii. 24-28 : "But this man, because he con- 
tinueth ever, hath an unchangeable priesthood. Where- 
fore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that 
come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make 
intercession for them. For such an high-priest became 
us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from 
sinners, and made higher than the heavens: who 
needeth not daily, as those high-priests, to otfer up 
sacrifice, first for his own sins, and then for the peo- 



36 THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



pie's: for this lie did once, when he offered up him- 
self. For the law maketh men high-priests which have 
infirmity ; but the word of the oath, which was since 
the law, maketh the Son, who is consecrated for ever- 
more." 

Rev. v. 13 : "And every creature which is in heaven, 
and on the earth, and under the earth, and such as are 
in the sea, and all that are in them, heard I saying, 
Blessing, and honour, and glory, and power, be unto 
him that sitteth upon the throne, and unto the Lamb, 
for ever and ever." 

Q. 22. How did Christ, being the Son of 
God, become man? 

A. Christ the Son of God became man by 
taking to himself a true body, and a reason- 
able soul; being conceived by the power of 
the Holy Ghost in the womb of the Virgin 
Mary, and born of her, yet without sin. 

Taking to himself a true body. 

[The Doc etas denied that he had a true body, and 
held that he only appeared to have.] 

Heb. ii. 16, 17 : " For verily he took not on him the 
nature of angels; but he took on him the seed of 
Abraham. Wherefore in all things it behooved him to be 
made like unto his brethren ; that he might be a mer- 
ciful and faithful High-Priest in things pertaining 
to God, to make reconciliation for the sins of the 
people." 

Luke xxiv. 39-43: " Behold my hands and my feet, 
that it is I myself: handle me, and see; for a spirit 
hath not flesh and bones, as ye see me have. And 
when he had thus spoken, he showed them his hands 
and his feet. And while they yet believed not for joy, 
and wondered, he said unto them, Have ye here any 
meat ? And they gave him a piece of a broiled fish, 



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37 



and of an honey-comb. And lie took it, and did eat 
before them." 

1 John i. 1 : " Which we have seen with our eyes, 
which we have looked upon, and our hands have 
handled, of the Word of life." 

And a reasonable soul. 

[Some ancient errorists held that Christ had no 
human soul, but that God supplied the place of a soul 
in the human body. Others held that while God, or a 
super- angelic creature, supplied the place of a human 
soul, he had only an animal spirit, but no rational soul, 
and so was not truly man.] 

Matt. xxvi. 38: "My soul is exceeding sorrowful, 
even unto death." 

Heb. iv. 15 : " For we have not an high-priest which 
cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities : 
but was in all points tempted like as we are, yet with- 
out sin." 

Being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost in the 
womb of the Virgin Mary, and born of her, yet ivith- 
out sin. 

Luke i. 35 : "And the angel answered and said unto 
her, The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the 
power of the Highest shall overshadow thee : therefore 
also that holy thing which shall be born of thee shall 
be called the Son of God." 

Heb. vii. 26: "For such an high-priest became us, 
who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, 
and made higher than the heavens." 

Q. 23. What offices doth Christ execute as 
our Kedeemer? 

A. Christ as our Eedeemer executeth the 
offices of a prophet, of a priest, and of a king, 
both in his estate of humiliation and exalta- 
tion. 

4 



38 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



Prophet. 

Acts iii. 22, 23 : "For Moses truly said unto the 
fathers, A Prophet shall the Lord your God raise up 
unto you, of your brethren, like unto me : him shall ye 
hear in all things whatsoever he shall say unto you. 
And it shall come to pass, that every soul which will 
not hear that Prophet shall be destroyed from among 
the people." 

Priest. 

Heb. v. 6 : "As he saith also in another place, Thou 
art a priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek.' 
King. 

Ps. ii. 6: "Yet have I set my King upon my holy 
hillofZion." 

Both in his estate of humiliation and exaltation. 
See Q. 27, 28. 

Q. 24. How doth Christ execute the office 
of a prophet ? 

A. Christ executeth the office of a prophet, 
in revealing to us ; by his word and Spirit, 
the will of God for our salvation. 

Revealing to us. 

John i. 18: "No man hath seen God at any time; 
the only-begotten Son, which is in the bosom of the 
Father, he hath declared him." 

John xv. 15: "All things that I have heard of my 
Father, I have made known unto you." 

By his word. 

2 Cor. v. 18-20: "And all things are of God, who 
hath reconciled us to himself by Jesus Christ, and hath 
given to us the ministry of reconciliation ; to wit, that 
God was in Christ, reconciling the world unto himself, 
not imputing their trespasses unto them ; and hath 
committed unto us the word of reconciliation. Now 
then we are ambassadors for Christ, as though God did 



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beseech you by us : we pray you in Christ's stead, be 
ye reconciled to God.*' 

1 Pet. i. 10-12: "Of which salvation the prophets 
have inquired and searched diligently, who prophesied 
of the grace that should come unto you : searching 
what, or what manner of time the Spirit of Christ 
which was in them did signify, when it testified before- 
hand the sufferings of Christ, and the glory that should 
follow. Unto whom it was revealed, that not unto 
•themselves, but unto us, they did minister the things 
which are now reported unto you by them that have 
preached ttye gospel unto you, with the Holy Ghost 
sent down from heaven ; which things the angels desire 
to look into." 

By his Spirit. 

John xiv. 16 : "And I will pray the Father, and he 
shall give you another Comforter, that he may abide 
with you forever." 

For our salvation. 

John xx. 31 : " But these are written, that ye might 
believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God : and 
that believing ye might have life through his name." 

Q. 25. How doth Christ execute the office 
of a priest ? 

A. Christ executeth the office of a priest 
in his once offering up of himself a sacrifice to 
satisfy divine justice and reconcile us to God; 
and in making continual intercession for us. 

A priest. 

Heb. viii. 1-3: ">7ow, of the things which -we have 
spoken, this is the sum: "We have such an high-priest, 
who is set on the right hand of the throne of the 
Majesty in the heavens ; a minister of the sanctuary, 
and of the true tabernacle, which the Lord pitched, and 
not man. For every high-priest is ordained to offer 



40 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



gifts and sacrifices : wherefore it is of necessity that 
this man have somewhat also to offer." 
Offering up himself. 

Eph. v. 2: "And walk in love, as Christ also hath 
loved us, and hath given himself for us an offering and 
a sacrifice to God for a sweet-smelling savour." 

Heb. ix. 12-14: "Neither by the blood of goats and 
calves, but by his own blood, he entered in once into 
the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption for 
us. For if the blood of bulls and of goats, and the 
ashes of an heifer sprinkling the unclean, sanctifieth 
to the purifying of the flesh, how much more shall the 
blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered 
himself without spot to God, purge your conscience 
from dead works to serve the living God !" 

Heb. ix. 22-24: "And almost all things are by the 
law purged with blood ; and without shedding of blood 
is no remission. It was therefore necessary that the 
patterns of things in the heavens should be purified 
with these ; but the heavenly things themselves with 
better sacrifices than these. For Christ is not entered 
into the holy places made with hands, which are the 
figures of the true ; but into heaven itself, now to ap- 
pear in the presence of God for us." 

Once offering. 

Heb. ix. 25-28: "Nor yet that he should offer him- 
self often, as the high-priest eirtereth into the holy 
place every year with blood of others : for then must 
he often have suffered since the foundation of the 
world ; but now once in the end of the world hath he 
appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself. 
And as it is appointed unto men once to die, but after 
this the judgment, so Christ was once offered to bear 
the sins of many ; and unto them that look for him 
shall he appear the second time without sin unto salva- 
tion." 

Heb. x. 14, 18: "For by one offering he hath per- 
fected forever them that are sanctified. Now, where 



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41 



remission of these is, there is no more offering for 
sin." 

A sacrifice to satisfy divine justice. 

Rom. iii. 24-26: "Being justified freely by his 
grace, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus : 
whom God hath set forth to be a propitiation, through 
faith in his blood, to declare his righteousness for the 
remission of sins that are past, through the forbearance 
of God: to declare, I say, at this time his righteous- 
ness : that he might be just, and the justifier of him 
which believeth in Jesus." 

1 Pet. ii. 24:- "Who his own self bare our sins in 
his own body on the tree, that we, being dead to sins, 
should live unto righteousness: by whose stripes ye 
were healed." 

Gal. iii. 13: "Christ hath redeemed us from the 
curse of the law, being made a curse for us ; for it is 
written, Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree." 

2 Cor. v. 21 : " For he hath made him to be sin for 
us, who knew no sin: that we might be made the 
righteousness of God in him." 

1 John ii. 2: "And he is the propitiation for our 
sins : and not for ours only, but also for the sins of the 
whole world." 

Matt. xx. 28: "Even as the Son of man came not to 
be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his 
life a ransom for many." 

1 Cor. xv. 8: "For I delivered unto you first of all 
that which I also received, how that Christ died for our 
sins according to the scriptures." 

Eph. i. 7: "In whom we have redemption through 
his blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the 
riches of his grace." 

Matt. xxvi. 28: "For this is my blood of the new 
testament, which is shed for many for the remission of 
sins." 

See also Isa. liii. 4-6, 10-12. 
And reconcile us to God. 

4* 



42 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



Eph. ii. 16 : " And that he might reconcile both unto 
God in one body by the cross, having slain the enmity 
thereby." 

Johnxii. 32: "And I, if I be lifted up from the 
earth, will draw all men unto me." 

And in making continual intercession for us. 

Heb. vii. 24, 25: "But this man, because he con- 
tinueth ever, hath an unchangeable priesthood. Where- 
fore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that 
come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make 
intercession for them." 

Q. 26. How doth Christ execute the office 
of a king? 

A. Christ execnteth the office of a king, in 
subduing us to himself, in ruling and defend- 
ing us, and in restraining and conquering all 
his .and our enemies. 

Ps. ii. 6: "Yet have I set my king upon my holy 
hill of Zion." 

Dan. vii. 13, 14 : "I saw in the night visions, and be- 
hold, one like the Son of man came with the clouds of 
heaven, and came to the Ancient of days, and they 
brought him near before him. And there was given 
him dominion, and glory, and a kingdom, that all 
people, nations, and languages should serve him: his 
dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not 
pass away, and his kingdom, that which shall not be 
destroyed." 

Ps. ex. 1-3 : " The Loud said unto my Lord, Sit thou 
at my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy foot- 
stool. ' The Loud shall send the rod of thy strength 
out of Zion : rule thou in the midst of thine enemies. 
Thy people shall be willing in the day of thy power." 

Ps. lxxii. 2, 4, 7-11 : "He shall judge thy people with 
righteousness, and thy poor with judgment. He shall 
judge the poor of the people; he shall save the children 



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43 



of the needy, and shall break in pieces the oppressor. 
In his days shall the righteous flourish ; and abundance 
of peace so long as the moon endureth. Ke shall have 
dominion also from sea to sea, and from the river unto 
the ends of the earth. They that dwell in the wilder- 
ness shall bow before him ; and his enemies shall lick 
the dust. The kings of Tarshish and of the isles 
shall bring presents ; the kings of Sheba and Seba 
shall offer gifts. Yea, all kings shall fall down before 
him: all nations shall serve him." 

1 Cor. xv. 25: " For he must reign till he hath put 
all enemies under his feet." 

Matt, xxviii. 18: "And Jesus came, and spake unto 
them, saying, All power is given unto me in heaven 
and in earth." 

John x. 27, 28: "My sheep hear my voice, and I 
know them, and they follow me: and I give unto them 
eternal life ; and they shall never perish, neither shall 
any pluck them out of my hand." 

Q. 27. Wherein did Christ's humiliation 
consist? 

A. Christ's humiliation consisted in his 
being born, and that in a low condition; 
made under the law, undergoing the miseries 
of this life, the wrath of God, and the cursed 
death of the cross; in being buried, and con- 
tinuing under the power of death for a time. 

Being Lorn, and that in a low condition. 

Phil. ii. 6-8 : " Who, being in the form of God, thought 
it no robbery to be equal with God ; but made himself 
of not reputation, and took upon him the form of a 
servant, and was made in the likeness of men ; and 
being found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself 
and became obedient unto death, even the death of the 
cross." 

Luke ii. 7: "And she brought forth her first-born 



44 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



son, and wrapped him in swaddling-clothes, and laid 
him in a manger ; because there was no room for them 
in the inn." 

Made under the law. 

Gal. iv. 4: "But when the fulness of time was come, 
God sent forth his son, made of a woman, made under 
the law." 

Miseries of this life. 

Isa. liii. 3 : " He is despised and rejected of men; a 
man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief. " 

Undergoing the wrath of God, and the cursed death of 
the cross. 

Zech. xiii. 7: "Awake, sword, against my Shep- 
herd, and against the man that is my fellow, saith the 
Lord of hosts: smite the shepherd, and the sheep shall 
be scattered." 

Isa. liii. 10 : " Yet it pleased the Loud to bruise him ; 
he hath put him to grief: when thou shalt make his 
soul an offering for sin, he shall see his seed, he shall 
prolong his days, and the pleasure of the Loud shall 
prosper in his hand." 

Matt, xxvii. 46 : "And about the ninth hour Jesus 
cried with a loud voice, saying, Eli, Eli, lama sabach- 
thani ? that is to say, My God, my God, why hast thou 
forsaken me ?" 

Gal. iii. 13: "Christ hath redeemed us from the 
curse of the law, being made a curse for us ; for it is 
written, Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree." 

Buried, and wider the power of death for a time. 

1 Cor. xv. 3, 4: "For I delivered unto you first of 
all that which I also received, how that Christ died for 
our sins according to the scriptures ; and that he was 
buried, and that he rose again the third day, according 
to the scriptures." 

Q. 28. Wherein consisteth Christ's exalta- 
tion ? 



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45 



A. Christ's exaltation consisteth in his 
rising again from the dead on the third day, 
in ascending up into heaven, in sitting at the 
right hand of God the Father, and in coming 
to judge the world at the last day. 

Rising again from the dead. 

Matt, xxviii. 5, 6 : "And the angel answered and said 
unto the women, Fear not ye ; for I know that ye seek 
Jesus, which was crucified. He is not here : for he is 
risen, as he said. Come, see the place where the Lord 
lay." 

Acts i. 3 : "To whom also he showed himself alive 
after his passion, by many infallible proofs, being seen 
of them forty days, and speaking of the things per- 
taining to the kingdom of God." 

Ascending up into heaven. 

Acts i. 9-11: "And when he had spoken these 
things, while they beheld, he was taken up ; and a 
cloud received him out of their sight. And while they 
looked steadfastly toward heaven as he went up, behold, 
two men stood by them in white apparel ; which also 
said, Ye men of Galilee, why stand ye gazing up into 
heaven ? this same Jesus which is taken up from you 
into heaven shall so come in like manner as ye have 
seen him go into heaven." 

Luke xxiv. 50, 51 : " And he led them out as far as to 
Bethany : and he lifted up his hands, and blessed them. 
And it came to pass, while he blessed them, he was 
parted from them, and carried up into heaven." 

Sitting at the right hand of God the Father. 

Rom. viii. 34: "Who is he that condemneth? It is 
Christ that died, yea, rather, that is risen again, who 
is even at the right hand of God, who also maketh in- 
tercession for us." 

Mark xvi. 19: "So then, after the Lord had spoken 



46 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



unto them, he was received up into heaven, and sat on 
the right hand of God." 

Col. iii. 1: "If ye then be risen with Christ, seek 
those things which are above, where Christ sitteth on 
the right hand of God." 

Eph. i. 19-22: "And what is the exceeding great- 
ness of his power to usward who believe, according to 
the working of his mighty power, which he wrought in 
Christ, when he raised him from the dead, and set him 
at his own right hand in the heavenly places, far above 
all principality, and power, and might, and dominion, 
and every name that is named, not only in this world, 
but also in that which is to come: and hath put all 
things under his feet, and gave him to be head over all 
things to the church." 

And in coming to judge the world at the last day. 

Acts i. 11: "This same Jesus which is taken up 
from you into heaven shall so come in like manner as 
ye have seen him go into heaven." 

Acts iii. 21: " Whom the heaven must receive, until 
the times of restitution of all things, which God hath 
spoken by the mouth of all his holy prophets, since the 
world began." 

Matt. xxv. 31-34, 41: "When the Son of man shall 
come in his glory, and all the holy angels with him, 
then shall he sit upon the throne of his glory : and 
before him shall be gathered all nations : and he shall 
separate them one from another, as a shepherd divideth 
his sheep from the goats : and he shall set the sheep 
on his right hand, but the goats on the left. Then 
shall the King say unto them on his right hand, Come, 
ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared 
for you from the foundation of the world. Then shall 
he say also unto them on the left hand, Depart from 
me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the 
devil and his angels." 

2 Thess. i. 6-10: "Seeing it is a righteous thing 
with God to recompense tribulation to them that trouble 



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47 



yon: and to yon, who are troubled, rest with us 3 when 
the Lord Jesus shall be revealed from heaven with his 
mighty angels, in naming fire taking vengeance on 
them that know not God and that obey not the gospel 
of our Lord Jesus Christ ; who shall be punished vrith 
everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord, 
and from the glory of his power : when he shall come 
to be glorified in his saints, and to be admired in all 
them that believe (because our testimony among you 
was believed) in that day." 

1 Thess. iv. 14-16: "For if we believe that Jesus 
died and rose again, even so them also which sleep in 
Jesus will God bring with him. For this we say unto 
you by the word of the Lord, that we which are alive 
and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not pre- 
vent them which are asleep. For the Lord himself shall 
descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of 
the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the 
dead in Christ shall rise first.'* 

Acts xvii. 31: "Because he hath appointed a day, 
in the which he will judge the world in righteousness, 
by that man whom he hath ordained : whereof he hath 
given assurance unto all men, in that he hath raised 
him from the dead." 

Q. 29. Hovr are we made partakers of the 
redemption purchased by Christ ? 

A. IVe are made partakers of the redemp- 
tion purchased by Christ, by the effectual 
application of it to us 7 by his Holy Spirit. 

Redemption purchased by Christ. 

Heb. ix. 12: ' ; Neither by the blood of goats and 
calves, but by his own blood, he entered in once into 
the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption for 
us." 

Effectual application of it to as by the Spirit. 

John iii. 5-7 : 4i Jesus answered, Terily, verily, I say 



48 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



unto thee, Except? a man be born of water and of the 
Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God. That 
which is born of the flesh is flesh ; and that which is 
born of the Spirit is spirit. Marvel not that I said 
unto thee, Ye must be born again." 

John i. 12, 13: "But as many as received him, to 
them gave he power to become the sons of God, even 
to them that believe on his name: which were born, 
not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will 
of man, but of God." 

Titus iii. 5: "Not by works of righteousness which 
we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us y 
by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the 
Holy Ghost." 

Q. 30. How doth the Spirit apply to us the 
redemption purchased by Christ? 

A. The Spirit applieth to us the redemp- 
tion purchased by Christ, by working faith in 
us, and thereby uniting us to Christ in our 
effectual calling. 

Working faith in us. 

Eph. ii. 8: "For by grace are ye saved, through 
faith ; and that not of yourselves : it is the gift of 
God." 

Uniting us to Christ, 

John vi. 35-37: "And Jesus said unto them, I am 
the bread of life: he that cometh to me shall never 
hunger ; and he that believeth on me shall never 
thirst. But I said unto you, That ye also have seen 
me, and believed not. All that the Father giveth me 
shall come to me ; and him that cometh to me, I will in 
no wise cast out." 

Eph. iii. 17 : " That Christ may dwell in your hearts 
by faith." 

Gal. ii. 20: "I am crucified with Christ: neverthe- 
less, I live ; yet not I, but Christ liveth in me : and the 



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49 



life which I now live in the flesh, I live by the faith of 
the Son of God, who loved me, and gave himself for 
me." 

Col. i. 27 : " Christ, in you, the hope of glory." 
Effectual calling. 

1 Cor. i. 9: "God is faithful, by whom ye were 
called unto the fellowship of his Son, Jesus Christ our 
Lord." 

Q. 31. What is effectual calling? 

A. Effectual calling is the work of God's 
Spirit, whereby, convincing us of our sin and 
misery, enlightening our minds in the know- 
ledge of Christ, and renewing our wills, he 
doth, persuade and enable us to embrace 
Jesus Christ, freely offered to us in the 
gospel. 

Work of God's Spirit. 

Kom. viii. 30: "Moreover, whom he did predesti- 
nate, them he also called." 

2 Tim. i. 9 : "Who hath saved us, and called us with 
a holy calling, not according to our works, but accord- 
ing to his own purpose and grace, which was given us 
in Christ Jesus before the world began." 

John i. 13 : "Which were born, not of blood, nor of 
the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of 
God." 

Tit. iii. 5: "Not by works of righteousness which 
we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us, 
by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the 
Holy Ghost." 

Convincing us of our sin and misery. 

John xvi. 8 : "And when he is come, he will reprove 
the world of sin, and of righteousness, and of judg- 
ment." 

Rom. vii. 9 : " For I was alive without the law once: 
5 



50 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



but when the commandment came, sin revived, and I 
died." 

Acts xvi. 29, 30: "Then he called for a light, and 
sprang in, and came trembling, and fell down before 
Paul and Silas, and brought them out, and said, Sirs, 
what must I do to be saved?" 

Enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ. 

2 Cor. iv. 6: "For God, who commanded the light 
to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our hearts, to 
give the light of the .knowledge of the glory of God in 
the face of Jesus Christ." 

Eph. i. 17, 18: "That the God of our Lord Jesus 
Christ, the Father of glory, may give unto you the spirit 
of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of him : the 
eyes of your understanding being enlightened ; that ye 
may know what is the hope of his calling, and what the 
riches of the glory of his inheritance in the saints." 

Renewing our wills. 

Ezek. xxxvi. 26, 27: "A new heart also will I give 
you, and a new spirit will I put within you : and I will 
take away the stony heart out of your flesh, and I will 
give you an heart of flesh. And I will put my Spirit 
within you> and cause you to walk in my statutes, and 
ye shall keep my judgments, and do them." 

He doth persuade and enable us to embrace Jesus Christ. 

John vi. 44: "No man can come to me, except the 
Father which hath sent me draw him : and I will raise 
him up at the last day." 

John vi. 37: "All that the Father giveth me shall 
come to me ; and him that cometh to me, I vail in no 
wise cast out." 

Freely offered to us in the gospel. 

Matt. xi. 28 : " Come unto me, all ye that labour and 
are heavy laden, and I will give you rest." 

John vii. 37 : " In the last day, that great clay of the 
feast, Jesus stood and cried, saying, If any man thirst, 
let him come unto me, and drink." 



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51 



Isa. It. 1-3, 6, 7: "Ho, every one that thirst eth, 
come ye to the waters, and he that hath no money; 
come ye, buy, and eat : yea. come, buy wine and milk 
without money and without price. ^Therefore do ye 
spend money for that which is not bread? and your 
labour for that which satisfieth not ? hearken diligently 
unto me, and eat ye that which is good, and let your 
soul delight itself in fatness. Incline your ear, and come 
unto me : hear, and your soul shall lire ; and I will 
make an everlasting covenant with you, even the sure 
mercies of David. Seek ye the Lord while he may be 
found, call ye upon him while he is near: let the 
wicked forsake his way, and the unrighteous man his 
thoughts: and let him return, unto the Lord, and he 
will have mercy upon him: and to our God, for he will 
abundantly pardon. 7 ' 

Eev. xxii. 17: "And the Spirit and the bride say, 
Come. And let him that heareth say, Come. And let 
him that is athirst come. And whosoever will, let him 
take the water of life freely. 77 

Q. 32. What benefits do they that are 
effectually called partake of in this life ? 

A. They that are effectually called do in 
this life partake of justification, adoption, and 
sanctifieation, and the several benefits which 
in this life do either accompany or flow from 
them. 

Justification and sanctifieation. 

Rom. viii. 30: " Moreover, whom he did predes- 
tinate, them he also called : and whom he called, them 
he also justified: and whom he justified, them he also 
glorified." 

Adoption. 

Eph. i. 5 : " Having predestinated us unto the adop- 
tion of children by Jesus Christ to himself, according 
to the good pleasure of his will. 7 ' 



52 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



And the several benefits which in this life do either accom- 
pany onflow from them. 

1 Cor. iii. 21, 22 : " Therefore let no man glory in 
men : for all things are yours ; whether Paul, or 
Apollos, or Cephas, or the world, or life, or death, or 
things present, or things to come ; all are yours." 

Rom. viii. 32: "He that spared not his own Son, 
but delivered him up for us all, how shall he not with 
him also freely give us all things ?" 

Q. 33. What is justification? 

A. Justification is an act of God's free 
grace, wherein he pardoneth all our sins, and 
accept eth us as righteous in his sight, only 
for the righteousness of Christ imputed to 
us, and received by faith alone. 

An act. 

[Because it is completed at once, and not, like 
sanctification, (Q. 35,) a continued "work.""] 

Rom. v. 1, 2 : " Therefore, being justified by faith, we 
have peace with God, through our Lord Jesus Christ: 
by whom also we have access by faith into this grace 
wherein we stand, and rejoice in the hope of the glory 
of God." 

Of God's free grace. 

Rom. iii. 24: "Being justified freely by his grace." 

Rom. iv. 4-8: "Now to him that worketh is the re- 
ward not reckoned of grace, but of debt. But to him 
that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth 
the ungodly, his faith is counted for righteousness. 
Even as David also describeth the blessedness of the 
man unto whom God imputeth righteousness without 
works, saying, Blessed are they whose iniquities are 
forgiven, and whose sins are covered. Blessed is the 
man to whom the Lord will not impute sin." 

Eph. i. 7: "In whom we have redemption through 



PROVED BY SCRIPTURE. 



his blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the 
riches of his grace.*' 

Heb. viii. 12: " For I will be merciful to their un- 
righteousness, and their sins and their iniquities Trill I 
remember no more." 

Ordy for the righteousness of Christ. 

Bom. iii. 21-26 : "But now the righteousness of God 
without the law is manifested, being witnessed by the 
law and the prophets : even the righteousness of God, 
which is by faith of Jesus Christ unto all. and upon all 
them that believe : for there is no difference : for all 
have sinned, and come short of the glory of God : being 
justified freely by his grace, through the redemption 
that is in Christ Jesus : whom God hath set forth to be 
a propitiation, through faith in his blood, to declare 
his righteousness for the remission of sins that are 
past, through the forbearance of God: to declare, I 
say, at this time his righteousness : that he might be 
just, and the justifier of him which believeth in Jesus.'"' 

Imputed to us. 

Kom. v. 17-19: "For if by one man's offence death 
reigned by one : much more they which receive abun- 
dance of grace, and of the gift of righteousness, shall 
reign in life by one, Jesus Christ. Therefore, as by 
the offence of one judgment came upon all men to con- 
demnation, even so by the righteousness of one the free 
gift came upon all men unto justification of life. For 
as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, 
so by the obedience of one shall many be made right- 
eous.*' 

2 Cor. v. 21 : " For he hath made him to be sin for 
us, who knew no sin ; that we might be made the 
righteousness of God in him." 

And received by faith. 

Eom. iii. 25: "Whom God hath set forth to be a 
propitiation through faith in his blood." 

5* 



54 THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



Rom. iii. 26: "The justifier of hiin which believeth 
in Jesus." 

Rom. iii. 30: " Seeing it is one God which shall 
justify the circumcision by faith, and uncircumcision 
through faith." 

And received by faith alone. 

[Merit, works, priestly offices, or penances being of 
no account.] 

Gal. ii. 16: "Knowing that a man is not justified by 
the works of the law, but by the faith of Jesus Christ, 
even we have believed in Jesus Christ, that we might 
be justified by the faith of Christ, and not by the works 
of the law : for by the works of the law shall no flesh 
be justified." 

Rom. iii. 28 : " Therefore we conclude that a man 
is justified by faith without the deeds of the law." 

Rom. iv. 4, 5: "Now to him that worketh is the 
reward not reckoned of grace, but of debt. But to him 
that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth 
the ungodly, his faith is counted for righteousness." 

Gal. iii. 1-3: c< foolish Galatians, who hath be- 
witched you, that ye should not obey the truth, before 
whose eyes Jesus Christ hath been evidently set forth, 
crucified among you ? This only would I learn of you: 
Received ye the Spirit by the works of the law, or 
by the hearing of faith ? Are ye so foolish ? having 
begun in the Spirit, are ye now made perfect by the 
flesh?" 

Gal. v. 2-6: "Behold, I Paul say unto you, that 
if ye be circumcised, Christ shall profit you nothing. 
For I testify again to every man that is circumcised, 
that he is a debtor to do the whole law. Christ is be- 
come of no effect unto you, whosoever of you are jus- 
tified by the law ; ye are fallen from grace. For we 
through the Spirit wait for the hope of righteousness 
by faith. For in Jesus Christ neither circumcision 
availeth any thing, nor uncircumcision ; but faith 
which worketh by love." 



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Q. 34. What is adoption ? 

A. Adoption is an act of God's free grace, 
whereby we are received into the number, 
and have a right to all the privileges, of the 
sons of God. 

1 John iii. 1 : "Behold what manner of love the 
Father hath bestowed upon us, that we should be called 
the sons of God : therefore the world knoweth us not. 
because it knew him not.'' 

Rom. viii. 15-17: "For ye have not received the 
Spirit of bondage again to fear : but re have received 
the Spirit of adoption, whereby we cry, Abba. Father. 
The Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit, that 
we are the children of God : and if children, then 
heirs; heirs of God, and joint heirs with Christ: if so 
be that we suffer with him, that we may be also glori- 
fied together."' 

Eph. ii. 19 : ' ; Xow therefore ye are no more strangers 
and foreigners, but fellow-citizens with the saints, and 
of the household of God." 

Q. 35. What is sanctification? 

A. Sanctification is the work of God's free 
grace, whereby we are renewed in the whole 
man after the image of God, and are enabled 
more and more to die unto sin ; and live unto 
righteousness. 

Work. 

[Carried on progressively; not immediately com- 
pleted.] 

Work of God's free grace. 

2 Thess. ii. 13 : " God hath from the beginning 
chosen you to salvation, through sanctification of the 
Spirit, and belief of the truth.*' 

1 Thess. v. 23 : " The very God of peace sanctify you 
wholly." 



56 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



Whereby we are reneived in the whole man after the image 
of God. 

1 Thess. v. 23: " And the very God of peace sanctify 
you "wholly ; and I pray God your whole spirit, and 
soul, and body, be preserved blameless unto the coming 
of our Lord Jesus Christ." 

2 Cor. iii. 18: "But we all, with open face behold- 
ing as in a glass the glory of the Lord, are changed 
into the same image from glory to glory, even as by 
the Spirit of the Lord." 

Eph. iv. 24: "And that ye put on the new man, 
which after God is created in righteousness and true 
holiness." 

Eph. iii. 14-19: "For this cause I bow my knees 
unto the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, of whom 
the whole family in heaven and earth is named, that 
he would grant you, according to the riches of his 
glory, to be strengthened with might by his Spirit in 
the inner man : that Christ may dwell in your hearts 
by faith : that ye, being rooted and grounded in love, 
may be able to comprehend with all saints what is the 
breadth, and length, and depth, and height; and to 
know the love of Christ, which passeth knowledge, that 
ye might be filled with all the fulness of God." 

Are enabled more and more to die unto sin, and live unto 
righteousness. 

2 Pet. iii. 18 : "But grow in grace, and in the know- 
ledge of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ." 

Phil. iii. 12-14: "Not as though I had already at- 
tained, either were already perfect ; but I follow after, 
if that I may apprehend that for which also I am ap- 
prehended of Christ Jesus. Brethren, I count not my- 
self to have apprehended : but this one thing I do, for- 
getting those things which are behind, and reaching 
forth unto those things which are before, I press to- 
ward the mark for the prize of the high calling of God 
in Christ Jesus." 

See also Bom. vi. 1, 12, 22. 



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Q. 36. "What are the benefits which in this 
life do accompany or flow from justification, 
adoption, and sanctification? 

A. The benefits which in this life do ac- 
company or flow from justification, adoption, 
and sanctification, are assurance of God's 
love, peace of conscience, joy in the Holy 
Ghost, increase of grace, and perseverance 
therein to the end. 

Assurance of God's love, peace of conscience, joy in the 
Holy Ghost. 

*Rom. y. 1, 2, 5, 8-11: " Therefore, being justified 
by faith, we have peace "with God, through our Lord 
Jesus Christ : by whom also we have access by faith 
into this grace wherein we stand, and rejoice in hope 
of the glory of God. And hope niaketh not ashamed : 
because the love of God is shed abroad in our hearts by 
the Holy Ghost which is given unto us. But God com- 
mendeth his love toward us, in that while we were yet 
sinners Christ died for us. Much more then, being 
now justified by his blood, we shall be saved from 
wrath through him. For if when we were enemies we 
were reconciled to God by the death of his Son. much 
more, being reconciled, we shall be saved by his life. 
And not only so, but we also joy in God, through our 
Lord Jesus Christ, by whom we have now received the 
atonement." 

Eph. i. 13, 14: "In whom ye also trusted, after that 
ye heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salva- 
tion: in whom also, after that ye believed, ye were 
sealed with that Holy Spirit of promise, which is the 
earnest of our inheritance until the redemption of the 
purchased possession, unto the praise of his glory." 

2 Cor. i. 22: "Who hath also sealed us, and given 
the earnest of the Spirit in our hearts." 

Heb. vi. 17-19 : " Wherein God, willing more abun- 



58 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



dantly to show unto the heirs of promise the immuta- 
bility of his counsel, confirmed it by an oath : that by 
two immutable things, in which it was impossible for 
God to lie, we might have a strong consolation, who 
have fled for refuge to lay hold upon the hope set be- 
fore us : which hope we have as an anchor of the soul, 
both sure and steadfast, and which entereth into that 
within the veil." 

1 Pet. i. 8, 9 : "Whom having not seen, ye love; in 
whom, though now ye see him not, yet believing, ye 
rejoice with joy unspeakable, and full of glory: re- 
ceiving the end of your faith, even the salvation of your 
souls." 

Rom. viii. 31, 38, 39: "What shall we then say to 
these things ? If God be for us, who can be against 
us ? For I am persuaded that neither death, nor life, 
nor angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor things 
present, nor things to come, nor height, nor depth, nor 
any other creature, shall be able to separate us from 
the love of God which is in Christ Jesus our Lord." 

2 Cor. v. 1, 5: "For we know that if our earthly 
house of this tabernacle were dissolved, we have a 
building of God, an house not made with hands, eternal 
in the heavens. Now he that hath wrought us for the 
selfsame thing is God, who also hath given unto us 
the earnest of the Spirit." 

And perseverance therein to the end. 

Rom. viii. 29 : " For whom he did foreknow, he also 
did predestinate to be conformed to the image of his 
Son, that he might be the first-born among many 
brethren." 

John x. 27-29: "My sheep hear my voice, and I 
know them, and they follow me : and I give unto them 
eternal life ; and they shall never perish, neither shall 
any man pluck them out of my hand. My Father, 
which gave them me, is greater than all : and no man 
is able to pluck them out of my Father's hand." 

John vi. 40 : "And this is the will of him that sent 



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me, that every one which seetli the Son, and believeth 
on him, may have everlasting life : and I will raise him 
up at the last day." 

1 Pet. i. 5 : " Who are kept by the power of God 
through faith unto salvation, ready to be revealed in 
the last time." 

Phil. i. 6: i ''Being confident of this very thing, that 
he which hath begun a good work in you will perform 
it until the day of Jesus Christ." 

Jer. xxxii. 40: "And I will make an everlasting 
covenant with them, that I will not turn away from 
them to do them good ; but I will put my fear in their 
hearts, that they shall not depart from me." 

1 Cor. i. 8: "Who shall also confirm you unto the 
end, that ye may be blameless in the day of our Lord 
Jesus Christ." 

Q. 37. What benefits do believers receive 
from Christ at death? 

A. The souls of believers are at their death 
made perfect in holiness, and do immediately 
pass into glory, and their bodies, being still 
united to Christ, do rest in their graves till 
the resurrection. 

Made perfect m holiness. 

Heb. xii. 23 : " To the general assembly and church 
of the first-born, which are written in heaven, and to 
God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of just men 
made perfect." 

1 John iii. 2: "Beloved, now are we the sons of 
God, and it doth not yet appear what we shall be : but 
we know that, when he shall appear, we shall be like 
him ; for we shaU see him as he is." 

Do immediately pass into glory. 

Luke xxiii. 43: " And Jesus said unto him, Verily I 
say unto thee, To-day shalt thou be with me in para- 
dise." ' 



60 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



2 Cor. v. 6, 8: " Therefore we are always confident, 
knowing that whilst we are at home in the body we 
are absent from the Lord. We are confident, I say, 
and willing rather to be absent from the body, and to 
be present with the Lord." 

Phil. i. 23: "For I am in a strait betwixt two, 
having a desire to depart, and to be with Christ ; which 
is far better." 

John xiv. 1-3 : " Let not your heart be troubled : ye 
believe in Cod, believe also in me. In my Father's 
house are many mansions : if it were not so, I would 
have told you. I go to prepare a place for you. And 
if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again 
and receive you unto myself ; that where I am, there 
ye may be also." 

And their bodies, being still united to Christ, do rest in 
their graves till the resurrection. 

1 Thess. iv. 14-18: "For if we believe that Jesus 
died and rose again, even so them also which sleep in 
Jesus will God bring with him. For this we say unto 
you by the word of the Lord, that we which are alive 
and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not pre- 
vent them which are asleep. For the Lord himself 
shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice 
of the archangel, and with the trump of God : and the 
dead in Christ shall rise first : then we which are alive 
and remain shall be caught up together with them in 
the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air : and so shall 
we ever be with the Lord. Wherefore, comfort one 
another with these words." 

Bom. viii. 23: "And not only they, but ourselves 
also, which have the first-fruits of the Spirit, even we 
ourselves groan within ourselves, waiting for the adop- 
tion, to wit, the redemption of our body." 

Q. 38. What benefits do believers receive 
from Christ at the resurrection ? 

A. At the resurrection, believers ; being 



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raised up in glory, shall be openly acknow- 
ledged and acquitted in the day of judgment, 
and made perfectly blessed in the full enjoy- 
ing of God to all eternity. 

At the resurrection. 

John y. 28, 29: "Marvel not at this: for the hour 
is coming in the which all that are in the graves shall 
hear his voice, and shall come forth : they that have 
clone good, unto the resurrection of life ; and they that 
have done evil, unto the resurrection of damnation." 

Acts xxiv. 15: ''And have hope toward God, which 
they themselves also allow, that there shall be a resur- 
rection of the dead, both of the just and unjust." 

1 Cor. xv. 12-22 : " Now, if Christ be preached that 
he rose from the dead, how say some among you that 
there is no resurrection of the dead ? But if there be 
no resurrection of the dead, then is Christ not risen : 
and if Christ be not risen, then is our preaching vain, 
and your faith is also vain. Yea, and we are found 
false witnesses of God, because we have testified of God 
that he raised up Christ : whom he raised not up, if so 
be that the dead rise not. For if the dead rise not, 
then is not Christ raised : and if Christ be not raised, 
your faith is vain ; ye are yet in your sins. Then they 
also which are fallen asleep in Christ are perished. If 
in this life only we have hope in Christ, we are of all 
men most miserable. But now is Christ risen from the 
dead, and become the first-fruits of them that slept. 
For since by man came death, by man came also the 
resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, even 
so in Christ shall all be made alive." 

Heb. vi. 1, 2: "Therefore, leaving the principles of 
the doctrine of Christ, let us go on unto perfection: 
not laying again the foundation of repentance from 
dead works, and of faith toward God, of the doctrine 
of baptisms, and of laying on of hands, and of resur- 
rection of the dead, and of eternal judgment." 
6 



62 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



Believers being raised up in glory. 

1 Cor. xv. 42-49 : "So also is the resurrection of the 
dead. It is sown in corruption, it is raised in incor- 
ruption : it is sown in dishonour, it is raised in glory : 
it is sown in weakness, it is raised in power : it is sown 
a natural body, it is raised a spiritual body. There is 
a natural body, and there is a spiritual body. And so 
it is written, The first man Adam was made a living 
soul, the last Adam was made a quickening spirit. 
Howbeit, that was not first which is spiritual, but that 
which is natural ; and afterward that which is spiritual. 
The first man is of the earth, earthy : the second man 
is the Lord from heaven. As is the earthy, such are 
they also that are earthy : and as is the heavenly, 
such are they also that are heavenly. And as we have 
borne the image of the earthy, we shall also bear the 
image of the heavenly." 

Shall be openly acknoivledged and acquitted. 

Luke xii. 8: "Also I say unto you, Whosoever shall 
confess me before men, him shall the Son of man also 
confess before the angels of God." 

Matt. xxv. 23 : " His lord said unto him, Well done, 
good and faithful servant : thou hast been faithful over 
a few things, I will make thee ruler over many things : 
enter thou into the joy of thy lord." 

Matt. xxv. 34-40: "Then shall the King say unto 
them on his right hand, Come, ye blessed of my Father, 
inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the founda- 
tion of the world : for I was an-hungered, and ye gave 
me .meat : I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink : I was 
a stranger, and ye took me in : naked, and ye clothed 
me : I was sick, and ye visited me : I was in prison, 
and ye came unto me. Then shall the righteous an- 
swer him, saying, Lord, when saw we thee an-hun- 
gered, and fed thee ? or thirsty, and gave thee drink ? 
When saw we thee a stranger, and took thee in ? or 
naked, and clothed thee ? Or when saw we thee sick, 



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or in prison, and came nnto thee ? And the King shall 
answer and say unto them, Verily, I say unto you, In- 
asmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these 
my brethren, ye have done it unto me." 

In the day of judgment. 

Jude 6 : " The judgment of the great day." 

2 Pet. iii. 7: "The day of judgment and perdition 
of ungodly men." 

Acts xvii. 31 : "He hath appointed a day in which 
he "will judge the world in righteousness." 

Heb. ix. 27 : "It is appointed unto men once to die, 
and after this the judgment." 

Matt. xxv. 31-33 : "When the Son of man shall come 
in his glory, and all the holy angels with him, then 
shall he sit upon the throne of his glory : and before 
him shall be gathered all nations : and he shall sepa- 
rate them one from another, as a shepherd divide th his 
sheep from the goats: and he shall set the sheep on 
his right hand, but the goats on the left." 

Matt. xxv. 46: "And these shall go away into ever- 
lasting punishment, but the righteous into life eternal." 

And made perfectly blessed in the full enjoying of God 
to all eternity. 

Rev. vii. 15-17 : "Therefore are they before the 
throne of Grod, and serve him clay and night in his 
temple : and he that sitteth on the throne shall dwell 
among them. They shall hunger no more, neither 
thirst anymore: neither shall the sun light on them, 
nor any heat. For the Lamb which is in the midst of 
the throne shall feed them, and shall lead them unto 
living fountains of waters : and God shall wipe away 
all tears from their eyes." 

1 Thess. iv. 17: "And so shall we ever be with the 
Lord." v 

Q. 39. What is the duty which God re- 
quireth of man ? 



64 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



A. The duty which God requireth of man 
is obedience to his revealed will. 

Matt. vii. 21-27 : "Not every one that saitli unto 
me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven ; 
but he that doeth the will of my Father which is in 
heaven. Many will say to me in that day, Lord, Lord, 
have we not prophesied in thy name ? and in thy name 
have cast out devils, and in thy name done many 
wonderful works ? And then will I profess unto them, 
I never knew you : depart from me, ye that work 
iniquity. Therefore, whosoever heareth these sayings 
of mine, and doeth them, I will liken him unto a wise 
man, which built his house upon a rock : and the rain 
descended, and the floods came, and the winds blew, 
and beat upon that house; and it fell not: for it was 
founded upon a rock. And every one that heareth 
these sayings of mine, and doeth them not, shall be 
likened unto a foolish man, which built his house upon 
the sand : and the rain descended, and the floods came, 
and the winds blew, and beat upon that house ; and it 
fell; and great was the fall of it."' 

Deut. xxix. 29: "The secret things belong unto the 
Lord our God : but those things which are revealed 
belong unto us, and to our children forever, that we 
may do all the words of this law." 

Deut. x. 12: "And now, Israel, what doth the Lord 
thy God require of thee, but to fear the Lord thy God, 
to walk in all his ways, and to love him, and to serve 
the Lord thy God with all thy heart and with all thy 
soul?" 

John vi. 29: "Jesus answered and said unto them, 
This is the work of God, that ye believe on him whom 
he hath sent." 

Q. 40. What did God at first reveal to man 
for the rule of his obedience ? 

A. The rule which God at first revealed to 
man for his obedience was the moral law. 



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The law written on the heart. 

Rom. ii. 14, 15: "For when the Gentiles, which 
have not the law, do by nature the things contained in 
the law, these, haying not the law, are a law unto them- 
selves. Which show the work of the law written in 
their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness, and 
their thoughts the mean while accusing or else ex- 
cusing one another." 

Rom. ii. 12 : " For as many as have sinned without 
law shall also perish without law: and as many as 
have sinned in the law shall be judged by the law." 

Revealed law. 

Deut. v. 1, 83: "And Moses called all Israel, and 
said unto them, Hear, Israel, the statutes and judg- 
ments which I speak in your ears this day, that ye may 
learn them, and keep and do them. Ye shall walk in 
all the ways which the Lord your God hath commanded 
you, that ye may live, and that it may be well with 
you." 

Q. 41. Wherein is the moral law sum- 
marily comprehended ? 

A. The moral law is summarily compre- 
hended in the ten commandments. 

Ten commandments. 

Deut. x. 4: "And he wrote on the tables, according 
to the first writing, the ten commandments, which the 
Lord spake unto you in the mount, out of the midst of 
the fire, in the day of the assembly." 

No more. 

Deut. v. 22 : " These words the Lord spake unto all 
your assembly in the mount, out of the midst of the fire, 
of the cloud, and of the thick darkness, with a great 
voice; and he added no more: and he wrote them in 
two tables of stone, and delivered them unto me." 
6* 



66 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



Q. 42. What is the sum of the ten com- 
mandments ? 

A. The sum of the ten commandments is, to 
love the Lord our G-od with all our heart, 
with all our soul, with all our strength, and 
with all our mind; and our neighbour as 
ourselves. 

Matt. xxii. 37-40 : "Jesus said unto Mm, Thou shalt 
love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all 
thy soul, and with all thy mind. This is the first and 
great commandment. And the second is like unto it: 
Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. On these 
two commandments hang all the law and the prophets." 

Rom. xiii. 8-10: "Owe no man any thing, but to 
love one another : for he that loveth another hath ful- 
filled the law. For this, Thou shalt not commit adul- 
tery, Thou shalt not kill, Thou shalt not steal, Thou 
shalt not bear false witness, Thou shalt not covet ; and 
if there be any other commandment, it is briefly com- 
prehended in this saying, namely, Thou shalt love thy 
neighbour as thyself. Love worketh no ill to his 
neighbour: therefore love is the fulfilling of the law." 

Q. 43. "What is the preface to the ten com- 
mandments? 

A. The preface to the ten commandments 
is in these words : — / am the Lord thy God, 
which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, 
out of the house of bondage. 

Ex. xx. 2. 

Q. 44. What doth the preface to the ten 
commandments teach us ? 

A. The preface to the ten commandments 
teacheth us, that because God is the Lord, 



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and out God and Eedeemer, therefore we 
are bound to keep all his commandments. 

Ps. xcv. 1-8: "0 come, ler us sing unto the Lord: 
let us make a joyful noise to the Rock of our salvation. 
Let us come before his presence with thanksgiving, and 
make a joyful noise unto him with psalms. For the 
Lord is a great (rod. and a great King above all gods. 
In his hand are the deep places of the earth : the 
strength of the hills is his also. The sea is his. and he 
made it : and his hands formed the dry land. cc>me, 
let us worship and bow down : let us kneel before the 
Lord our maker. For he is our God : and we are the 
people of his pasture and the sheep of his hand. To- 
day if ye will hear his voice, harden not your heart, as 
in the provocation, and as in the day of temptation in 
the wilderness.'* 

Lev. xx. 7. S : " Sanctify yourselves therefore, and be 
ye holy : for I am the Lord your God. And ye shall 
keep my statutes, and do them: I am the Lord which 
sanctify you."' 

Q. 45. What is the first commandment? 
A. The first commandment is ; Thou shalt 
have no other gods before me. 

Ex. xx. 3. 

Q. 46. "What is required in the first com- 
mandment ? 

A. The first commandment requireth us to 
know and acknowledge God to be the only 
true God, and our God; and to worshij) and 
glorify him accordingly. 

Ps. xxix. 1,2: -Give unto the Lord, ye mighty, 
give unto the Lord glory and strength. Give unto the 
Lord the glory due unto his name : worship the Lord 
in the beauty of holiness." 



68 THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



1 Cliron. xvi. 25-30: "For great is the Lord, and 
greatly to be praised : he also is to be feared above all 
gods. For all the gods of the people are idols : but the 
Lord made the heavens. Glory and honour are in his 
presence ; strength and gladness are in his place. 
Give unto the Lord, ye kindreds of the people, give 
unto the Lord glory and strength. Give unto the Lord 
the glory due unto his name : bring an offering, and 
come before him : worship the Lord in the beauty of 
holiness. Fear before him, all the earth." 

Q. 47. What is forbidden in the first com- 
mandment ? 

A. The first commandment forbiddeth the 
denying, or not worshipping and glorifying 
the true God as God, and our God, and the 
giving of that worship and glory to any other 
which is due to him alone. 

Forbiddeth the denying God. 

Ps. xiv. 1: "The fool hath said in his heart, There 
is no God." 

The not worshipping and glorifying the true God as God 
and our God. 

Ps. 1. 22: "Now consider this, ye that forget God, 
lest I tear you in pieces and there be none to deliver." 

Dan. v. 23: "And the God in whose hand thy 
breath is, and whose are all thy ways, hast thou not 
glorified." 

Eph. ii. 12: "Having no hope, and without God in 
the world." 

Horn. i. 21: "Because that when they knew God 
they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful, 
but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish 
heart was darkened." 

Giving ivorship and glory to any other. 

Rom. i. 23-25: "And changed the glory of the un- 



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corruptible God into an image made like to corruptible 
man. and to birds, and four-footed beasts, and creeping 
things. Wherefore God also gave them up to unclean- 
ness, through the lusts of their own hearts, to dishonour 
their own bodies between themselves : who changed 
the truth of God into a lie. and worshipped and served 
the creature more than the Creator, who is blessed for- 
ever. Amen." 

Ps. xcvii. 7: " Confounded be all they that serve 
graven images, that boast themselves of idols : worship 
him, all ye gods." 

Jer. x. 25: *'Pour out thy fury upon the heathen 
that know thee not, and upon the families that call not 
on thy name." 

Q. 48. What are vre specially taught by 
these \rords [before me] in the first com- 
mandment ? 

A. These words [before me] in the first 
commandmeirt teach us, That God, who seeth 
all things, taketh notice of. and is much dis- 
pleased with, the sin of havino- any other 
God. 

Ps. xliv. 20, 21 : " If we have forgotten the name of 
our God, or stretched out our hands to a strange god, 
shall not God search, this out ? for he knoweth the 
secrets of the heart." 

Isa. lxv. 3: "A people that provoketh me to anger 
continually to my face : that sacrinceth in gardens, and 
burnetii incense upon altars of brick." 

Deut. xxix. 2-i-2S: "Even all nations shall say, 
"Wherefore hath the Lord done thus unto this land '? 
what meaneth the heat of this great anger ? Then 
men shall say, Because tliey have forsaken the covenant, 
of the Lord God of their fathers, which he made with 
them when lie brought- them forth out of the land 
of Egypt : for they went and served other gods, and 
worshipped them, gods whom they knew not, and whom 



70 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



lie had not given unto them : and the anger of the 
Lord was kindled against this land, to bring upon it all 
the curses that are written in this book : and the Lord 
rooted them out of their land in anger and in wrath, 
and in great indignation, and cast them into another 
land, as it is this day." 

Rev. xxi. 8: ' 'But the fearful, and unbelieving, and 
the abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, 
and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars, shall have 
their part in the lake which burnetii with fire and 
brimstone: which is the second death." 

Q. 49. Which is the second command- 
ment ? 

A. The second commandment is, Thou 
shalt not make unto thee any graven image, 
or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven 
above, or that is in the earth beneath, or 
that is in the water under the earth. Thou 
shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor 
serve them ; for I the Lord thy God am a 
jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the 
fathers upon the children, unto the third and 
fourth generation of them that hate me; and 
showing mercy unto thousands of them that 
love me and keep my commandments. 

Ex. xx. 4-6. 

Q. 50. What is required in the second com- 
mandment ? 

A. The second commandment requireth 
the receiving, observing, and keeping pure 
and entire all such religious worship and 
ordinances as God hath appointed in his 
word. 



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71 



Lev. xviii. 4 : "Ye shall do my judgments, and keep 
mine ordinances, to walk therein : I am the Lord your 
God." 

Deut. xii. 32: " What thing soever I command you, 
observe to do it: thou shalt not add thereto nor 
diminish from it." 

Deut. xxxii. 46, 47: "And he said unto them, Set 
your hearts unto all the words which I testify among 
you this day, which ye shall command your children 
to observe to do, all the words of this law. For it is 
not a vain thing for you : because it is your life." 

Matt, xxviii. 20: ' ' Teaching them to observe all 
things whatsoever I have commanded you: and lo, I 
am with you always, even unto the end of the world. 
Amen." 

Q. 51. What is forbidden in the second 
commandment ? 

A. The second commandment forbiddeth 
the worshipping of God by images, or any 
other way not appointed in his word. 

Forbiddeth the worshipping of God by images. 

Deut. iv. 15-18 : " Take ye therefore good heed unto 
yourselves ; (for ye saw no manner of similitude on the 
day that the Lord spake unto you in Horeb out of the 
midst of the fire:) lest ye corrupt yourselves, and make 
you a graven image, the similitude of any figure, the 
likeness of male or female, the likeness of any beast 
that is on the earth, the likeness of any winged fowl 
that flieth in the air. the likeness of any thing that 
creepeth on the ground, the likeness of any fish that is 
in the waters beneath the earth." 

Or any other way not appointed in his icord. 

Matt. xv. 9: "But in vain they do worship me, 
teaching for doctrines the commandments of men." 

Deut. iv. 2: "Ye shall not add unto the word which 
I command you, neither shall ye diminish aught from 



72 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM. 



it, that ye may keep the commandments of the Lord 
your God which I command you." 

Col. ii. 18 : " Let no man beguile you of your reward 
in a voluntary humility and worshipping of angels, in- 
truding into those things which he hath not seen, 
vainly puffed up by his fleshly mind." 

Q. 52. What are the reasons annexed to 
the second commandment? 

A. The reasons annexed to the second 
commandment are, God's sovereignty over 
us, his propriety in ns, and the zeal he hath 
to his own worship. 

Ex. xx. 2: "I am the Lord thy God, which have 
brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house 
of bondage." 

Ex. xxxiv. 14 : "For thou shalt worship no other god : 
for the Lord, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God." 

Q. 53. Which is the third commandment ? 

A. The third commandment is, Thou shalt 
not take the name of the Lord thy God in 
vain • for the Lord will not hold him guiltless 
that taketh his name in vain. 

Ex. xx. 7. 

Q. 54. What is required in the third com- 
mandment ? 

A. The third commandment requireth the 
holy and reverent use of God's names, titles, 
attributes, ordinances, word, and works. 

Holy and reverent use of God's ?iame, titles, attributes. 

Matt. vi. 9: "Our Father which art in heaven, hal- 
lowed be thy name." 

Isa. vi. 3: "And one cried unto another, and said, 
Holy, Holy, Holy, is the Lord of hosts." 



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Ps. cxi. 9 : "Holy and reverend is thy name." 

Deut. xxviii. 58: "That thou mayest fear this glo- 
rious and fearful name. The Lord thy God." 

Kev. xt. 4: "Who shall not fear thee, Lord, and 
glorify thy name? for thou only art holy."' 

A holy and reverent use of GocVs ordinances. 

Eccles. v. 1, 2: "Keep thy foot when thou goest to 
the house of God, and be more ready to hear, than to 
give the sacrifice of fools : for they consider not that 
they do evil. Be not rash vrith thy mouth, and let not 
thine heart be hasty to utter any thing before God: 
for God is in heaven, and thou upon earth : therefore 
let thy words be few."' 

Ps. cxxxviii. 2: "I will worship toward thy holy 
temple, and praise thy name for thy loving-kindness 
and thy truth : for thou hast magnified thy word above 
all thy name." 

1 Cor. xi. 28, 29 : " But let a man examine himself, 
and so let him eat of that bread and drink of that cup. 
For he that eateth and drinketh unworthily, eateth and 
drinketh damnation to himself, not discerning the 
Lord's body." 

A holy and reverent use of God's word. 

Ps. cxix. 4-6, 103, 104, 111, 112, 115: "Thou hast 
commanded us to keep thy precepts diligently. Oh that 
my ways were directed to keep thy statutes ! Then 
shall I not be ashamed, when I have respect unto all 
thy commandments. How s^veet are thy words unto 
my taste ! yea, sweeter than honey to my mouth. 
Through thy precepts I get understanding : therefore 
I hate every false way. Thy testimonies have I taken 
as an heritage forever: for they are the rejoicing of 
my heart. I have inclined mine heart to perform thy 
statutes always, even unto the end. Depart from me, 
ye evil-doers : for I will keep the commandments of 
my God." 

7 



74 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



A holy and reverent use of God's works. 

Ps. civ. 24-31 : "0 Lord, how manifold are thy 
works ! in wisdom hast thou made them all : the earth 
is full of thy riches. So is this great and wide sea, 
wherein are things creeping innumerable, both small 
and great beasts. There go the ships : there is that 
leviathan, whom thou hast made to play therein. 
These wait all upon thee, that thou mayest give them 
their meat in due season. That thou givest them, they 
gather : thou openest thine hand, they are filled with 
good. Thou hidest thy face, they are troubled : thou 
takest away their breath, they die, and return to their 
dust. Thou sendest forth thy spirit, they are created : 
and thou renewest the face of the earth. The glory of 
the Lord shall endure forever : the Lord shall rejoice 
in his works." 

Job xxxvi. 24: "Remember that thou magnify his 
work which men behold." 

Rev. xv. 3: "And they sing the song of Moses the 
servant of God, and ' the song of the Lamb, saying, 
Great and marvellous are thy works, Lord God Al- 
mighty; just and true are thy ways, thou King of 
saints." 

Q. 55. What is forbidden in the third com- 
mandment ? 

A. The third commandment forbiddeth all 
profaning or abusing of any thing whereby 
God maketh himself known. 

Lev. xix. 12 : "And ye shall not swear by my name 
falsely, neither shalt thou profane the name of thy 
God: I am the Lord." 

Matt. v. 33-37 : "Again, ye have heard that it hath 
been said by them of old time, Thou shalt not forswear 
thyself, but shalt perform unto the Lord thine oaths : 
but I sa}^ unto you, Swear not at all : neither by 
heaven; for it is God's throne: nor by the earth; for 



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75 



it is his footstool : neither by Jerusalem ; for it is the 
city of the great King : neither shalt thou swear by 
thy head ; because thou canst not make one hair white 
or black. But let your communication be Yea, yea ; 
Nay. nay : for whatsoever is more than these cometh 
of evil." 

Q. 56. What is the reason annexed to the 
third commandment ? 

A. The reason annexed to the third com- 
mandment is, that however the breakers of 
this commandment may escape punishment 
from men, yet the Lord our God will not 
suffer them to escape his righteous judgment. 

Ex. xx. 7: " For the Lord will not hold him guilt- 
less that taketh his name in vain." 

Gal. iii. 10: "Cursed is every one that continueth 
not in all things which are written in the book of the 
law to do them." 

Mai. ii. 2: "If ye will not hear, and if ye will not 
lay it to heart, to give glory unto my name, saith the 
Lord of hosts, I will even send a curse upon you, and I 
will curse your blessings." 

Ps. L 21, 22 : " These things hast thou done, and I 
kept silence ; thou thoughtest that I was altogether 
such an one as thyself: but I will reprove thee, and 
set them in order before thine eyes. Now consider 
this, ye that forget God, lest I tear you to pieces and 
there be none to deliver." 

Q. 57. Which is the fourth commandment? 

A. The fourth commandment is, Kemember 
the sabbath-day, to keep it holy. Six days 
shalt thou labour, and do all thy work; but 
the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord 
thy God : in it thou shalt not do any work, 



76 THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy 
man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy 
cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy 
gates. For in six days the Lord made 
heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in 
them is, and rested the seventh day: where- 
fore the Lord blessed the sabbath-day and 
hallowed it. 
Ex. xx. 8-11. 

Q. 58. What is required in the fourth 
commandment ? 

A. The fourth commandment requireth 
the keeping holy to God such set times as he 
hath appointed in his word, expressly one 
whole day in seven, to be a holy Sabbath to 
himself. 

Ex. xxxv. 2 : " Six days shall work be done, but on 
the seventh day there shall be to you an holy day, a 
sabbath of rest to the Lord: whosoever doeth work 
therein shall be put to death." 

Lev. xxiii. 3: "Six days shall work be done; but 
the seventh day is the sabbath of rest, a holy convo- 
cation : ye shall do no work therein : it is the sabbath 
of the Lord in all your dwellings." 

Deut. v. 12: "Keep the sabbath-day to sanctify it, 
as the Lord thy God hath commanded thee." 

Neh. x. 31: "And if the people of the land bring 
ware or any victuals on the sabbath-day to sell, that 
we would not buy it of them on the sabbath, or on the 
holy day." 

Neh. xiii. 19-22: "And it came to pass, that, when 
the gates of Jerusalem began to be dark before the 
sabbath, I commanded that the gates should be shut, 
and charged that they should not be opened till after 
the sabbath : and some of my servants set I at the. 



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gates, that there should no burden be brought in on 
the sabbath-day. So the merchants and sellers of all 
kind of ware lodged without Jerusalem once or twice. 
Then I testified against them, and said unto them, 
Why lodge ye about the wall ? if ye do so again, I will 
lay hands on you. From that time forth came they no 
more on the sabbath. And I commanded the Levites, 
that they should cleanse themselves, and that they 
should come and keep the gates to sanctify the sabbath- 
clay/' 

Jer. xvii. 21, 22 : " Thus saith the Lord: Take heed 
to yourselves, and bear no burden on the sabbath-day, 
nor bring it in by the gates of Jerusalem : neither 
carry forth a burden out* of your houses on the sabbath- 
day, neither do ye any work, but hallow ye the sabbath- 
day, as I commanded your fathers." 

Q. 59. Which day of the seven hath God 
appointed to be the weekly Sabbath ? 

A. From the beginning of the world to the 
resurrection of Christ, God appointed the 
seventh day of the week to be the weekly 
Sabbath; and the first day of the week ever 
since, to continue to the end of the world, 
which is the Christian Sabbath. 

Gen. ii. 3: "And God blessed the seventh day, and 
sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all 
his work which God created and made." 

After the resurrection of Christ. 

John xx. 19 : Then the same day at evening, being 
the first day of the week, when the doors were shut 
where the disciples were assembled for fear of the 
Jews, came Jesus and stood in the midst, and saith 
unto them, Peace be unto you." 

Acts xx. 7: "And upon the first day of the week, 
when the disciples came together to break bread, Paul 



78 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



preached unto them, (ready to depart on. the morrow,) 
and continued his speech until midnight " 

1 Cor. xvi. 2: "Upon the first day of the week let 
every one of you lay by him in store, as God hath 
prospered him, that there be no gatherings when I 
come." 

Rev. i. 10: "I was in the Spirit on the Lord's day." 

[The first day of the week was universally observed 
by Christians from this time onward, under the name 
of "The Lord's day."] 

Q. 60. How is the Sabbath to be sanctified? 

A. The Sabbath is to be sanctified by a 
holy resting all that day, even from such 
worldly employments and recreations as are 
lawful on other days, and spending the whole 
time in the public and private exercises of 
God's worship, except so much as is to be 
taken up in the works of necessity and 
mercy. 

A holy resting. 

Ex. xx. 12: "In it thou shalt not do any work." 

Deut. v. 14: "That thy man-servant and thy maid- 
servant may rest, as well as thou." 

Ex. xxxiv. 21: "On the seventh day thou shalt 
rest; in earing-time and in harvest thou shalt rest." 

Even from such worldly employments and recreations as 
are lavjful on other days. 

Luke xxiii. 56: "And they returned, and prepared 
spices and ointments ; and rested the sabbath.-day, ac- 
cording to the commandment." 

Isa. lviii. 13 : "If thou turn away thy foot from the 
sabbath, from doing thy pleasure on my holy day ; and 
call the sabbath a delight, the holy of the Lord, honour- 
able ; and shalt honour him, not doing thine own ways, 



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nor finding thine own pleasure, nor speaking thine 
own words." 

Spending the time in the public and private exercises of 
God's worship. 

Lev. xxiii. 3 : " The seventh day is the sabbath of 
rest, a holy convocation. " 

Isa. lxvi. 23: "From one sabbath to another shall 
all flesh come to worship before me, saith the Lord." 

Ps. xcii. [The title, "A psalm, a song for the sab- 
bath-day."] 1: "It is a good thing to give thanks 
unto the Lord, and to sing praises unto thy name, 
Most High." 

Private icorship. 

Lev. xxiii. 3 : "It is the sabbath of the Lord in all 
your dwellings." 

Works of necessity and mercy excepted. 

Matt. xii. 1-8 : "At that time Jesus went on the 
sabbath-day through the corn, and his disciples were 
an-hungered, and began to pluck the ears of corn and 
to eat. But when the Pharisees saw it, they said unto 
him, Behold, thy disciples do that which is not lawful 
to do upon the sabbath-day. But he said unto them, 
Have ye not read what David did when he was an-hun- 
gered, and they that were with him ? how he entered 
into the house of God, and did eat the shew-bread, 
which was not lawful for him to eat, neither for them 
which were with him, but only for the priests ? Or 
have ye not read in the law how that on the sabbath- 
days the priests in the temple profane the sabbath, and 
are blameless? But I say unto you, that in this place 
is one greater than the temple. But if ye had known 
what this meaneth, I will have mercy, and not sacrifice, 
ye would not have condemned the guiltless. For the 
Son of man is Lord even of the sabbath-day." 

Matt. xii. 10-13: "And behold, there was a man 
which had his hand withered. And they asked him, 
saying, Is it lawful to heal on the sabbath-days? that 



80 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



they might accuse him. And he said unto them, What 
man shall there be among you that shall have one 
sheep, and if it fall into a pit on the sabbath-day, will 
he not lay hold on it and lift it out ? How much then 
is a man better than a sheep ! Wherefore it is lawful 
to do well on the sabbath-days. Then saith he to the 
man, Stretch forth thy hand. And he stretched it 
forth ; and it was restored whole, like as the other.' 3 

Luke xiii. 14-16: "And the ruler of the synagogue 
answered with indignation, because that Jesus had 
healed on the sabbath-day, and said unto the people, 
There are six days in which men ought to work: in 
them therefore come and be healed, and not on the 
sabbath-day. The Lord then answered him, and said, 
Thou hypocrite, doth not each one of you on the sabbath 
loose his ox or his ass from the stall, and lead him 
away to watering ? And ought not this woman, being 
a daughter of Abraham, whom Satan hath bound, lo, 
these eighteen years, be loosed from this bond on the 
sabbath-day ?" 

Q. 61. What is forbidden in the fourth 
commandment ? 

A. The fourth commandment forbiddeth 
the omission or careless performance of the 
duties required, and the profaning the day 
by idleness, or doing that which is in itself 
sinful, or by unnecessary thoughts, words, or 
works about our worldly employments or 
recreations. 

Omission or careless performance of the duties required. 

Ezek. xxii. 26: "Her priests have violated my law 
and have profaned mine holy things : they have put no 
difference between the holy and profane, neither have 
they showed difference between the unclean and the 
clean, and have hid their eyes from my sabbaths, and 
I am profaned among them." 



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Ezek. xxxiii. 30-32: "Also, thou son of man, the 
children of thy people still are talking against thee by 
the avails and in the doors of the houses, and speak one 
to another, every one to his brother, saying, Come, I 
pray you, and hear what is the word that cometh forth 
from the Lord. And they come unto thee as the people 
cometh, and they sit before thee as my people, and 
they hear thy words, but they will not do them : for 
with their mouth they show much love, but their heart 
goeth after their covetousness. And lo, thou art unto 
them as a very lovely song of one that hath a pleasant 
voice and can play well on an instrument : for they 
hear thy words, but they do them not." 

Mai. i. 13: "Ye said also, Behold, what a weariness 
is it ! and ye have snuffed at it, saith the Lord of hosts; 
and ye brought that which was torn, and the lame, and 
the sick ; thus ye brought an offering : should I accept 
this of your hand? saith the Lord." 

Profaning the day by idleness. 

Matt. xxv. 30: "And cast ye the unprofitable ser- 
vant into outer darkness : there shall be weeping and 
gnashing of teeth." 

Or doing that ivhich is in itself sinful. 

Ezek. xxiii. 38: "Moreover, this they have done 
unto me : they have defiled my sanctuary in the same 
day, and have profaned my sabbaths." 

Unnecessary thoughts, words, or works about our ivorldly 
employments or recreations. 

Amos viii. 5, 6: "Saying, When will the new moon 
be gone, that we may sell corn ? and the sabbath, that 
we may set forth wheat, making the ephah small, and 
the shekel great, and falsifying the balances by deceit? 
that we may buy the poor for silver, and the needy 
for a pair of shoes ; yea, and sell the refuse of the 
wheat ?" 

Isa. lviii. 13 : "If thou turn away thy foot from the 
sabbath, from doing thy pleasure on my holy day ; and 



82 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



call tlie sabbath a delight, the holy of the Lord, honour- 
able ; and shalt honour him, not doing thine own ways, 
nor finding thine own pleasure, nor speaking thine 
own words." 

Jer. xvii. 21: "Thus saith the Lord, Take heed to 
yourselves, and bear no burden on the sabbath-day." 

Q. 62. What are the reasons annexed to 
the fourth commandment ? 

A. The reasons annexed to the fourth com- 
mandment are, God's allowing us six days of 
the week for our own employments, his chal- 
lenging a special propriety in the seventh, 
his own example, and his blessing the seventh 
day. 

See Q. 57. Ex. xx. 8-11. 

Ex. xxxi. 15: "Six days may work be done; but in 
the seventh is the sabbath of rest." 

God claims the seventh as Ms oivn. 

Lev. xxiii. 3: 4 'Ye shall do no work therein: it is 
the sabbath of the Lord." 

His own example of rest on the sabbath. 

Ex. xxi. 1: "Wherefore the Lord blessed the sab- 
bath-day and hallowed it." 

Ex. xxxi. 17: "It is a sign between me and the 
children of Israel forever: for in six days the Lord 
made heaven and earth, and on the seventh day he 
rested and was refreshed." 

Q. 63. Which is the fifth commandment? 

A. The fifth commandment is, Honour thy 
father and thy mother, that thy days may be 
long upon the land which the Lord thy God 
giveth thee 

Ex. xx. 12. 



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Q. 64. What is required in the fifth com- 
mandment ? 

A. The fifth commandment requireth the 
preserving the honour and performing the 
duties belonging to every one in their several 
places and relation s ; as superiors, inferiors, 
or equals. 

Preserving the honour and performing the duties belong- 
ing to every one. 

Rom. xiii. 7: "Render therefore to all their dues: 
tribute to whom tribute is due ; custom to whom cus- 
tom ; fear to whom fear; honour to whom honour." 

Duties to parents. 

Eph-. vi. 1-3: " Children, obey your parents in the 
Lord: for this is right. Honour thy father tmd mother, 
(which is the first commandment with promise.) that it 
may be well with thee, and thou mayest live long on 
the earth." 

Col. iii. 20: "Children, obey your parents in all 
things : for this is well pleasing unto the Lord." 
To magistrates. 

Rom. xiii. 1—5: "Let every soul be subject unto the 
higher powers. For there is no power but of God: 
the powers that be are ordained of God. "Whosoever 
therefore resisteth the power resisteth the ordinance 
of God; and they that resist shall receive to themselves 
damnation. For rulers are not a terror to good works, 
but to the evil. Wilt thou then not be afraid of the 
power? do that which is* good, and thou shalt have 
praise of the same ? For he is the minister of God to 
thee for good. But if thou do that which is evil, be 
afraid ; for he beareth not the sword in vain : for he is 
the minister of God, a revenger to execute wrath' upon 
him that doeth evil. Wherefore ye must needs be sub- 
ject, not only for wrath, but also for conscience' 
sake." 



84 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



To the aged. 

Lev. xix. 32: "Thou shalt rise up before the hoary 
head, and honour the face of the old man, and fear thy 
God : I am the Lord." 

To masters. 

Eph. vi. 5: " Servants, be obedient to them that are 
your masters according to the flesh, "with fear and 
trembling, in singleness' of your heart, as unto Christ." 

To servants. 

Col. iv. 1 : "Masters, give unto your servants that 
which is just and equal ; knowing that ye also have a 
Master in heaven." 

Eph. vi. 9: "And ye, masters, do the same things 
unto them, forbearing threatening : knowing that your 
Master also is in heaven ; neither is there any respect 
of persons with him." 

To children. 

Eph. vi. 4 : "And ye, fathers, provoke not your chil- 
dren to wrath : but bring them up in the nurture and 
admonition of the Lord." 

Col. iii. 21 : " Fathers, provoke not your children to 
anger, lest they be discouraged." 

To inferiors. 

Rom. xii. 16: "Be of the same mind one toward 
another. Mind not high things, but condescend to 
men of low estate. Be not wise in your own conceits." 

To equals. 

Eph. v. 21: "Submitting yourselves one to another 
in the fear of God." 

Elders and teachers. 

Heb. xiii. 17 : "Obey them that have the rule over 
you, and submit yourselves : for they watch for your 
souls, as they that must give account, that they may do 
it with joy, and not with grief : for that is unprofitable 
for you." 



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1 Tim. v. 17: "Let the elders that rule -well be 
counted worthy of double honour, especially they -who 
labour in the word and doctrine." 

Husbands and wives. 

Col. iii. 18, 19 : " Wives, submit yourselves unto your 
own husbands, as it is fit in the Lord. Husbands, love 
your wives, and be not bitter against them." 

Eph. v. 25: " Husbands, love your wives, even as also 
Christ loved the church." 

All men. 

1 Pet. ii. 17: "Honour all men. Love the brother- 
hood. Fear God. Honour the king." 

Q. 65. What is forbidden in the fifth com- 
mandment? 

A. The fifth commandment forbiddeth the 
neglecting of, or doing any thing against, the 
honour and duty which belongeth to every 
one in their several places and relations. 

Mark vii. 9-13: "And he said unto them, Full well 
ye reject the commandment of God, that ye may keep 
your own tradition. For Moses said, Honour thy 
father and thy mother: and, Whoso curseth father or 
mother, let him die the death : but ye say, If a man 
shall say to his father or mother, It is Corban, that is 
to say. a gift, by whatsoever thou mightest be profited 
by me: he shall be free. And ye suffer him no more 
to do aught for his father or his mother; making the 
word of God of none effect through your tradition, 
which ye have delivered : and many such like things 
do ye/'' 

Prov. xxx. 17: "The eye that mocketh at his father, 
and despiseth to obey his mother, the ravens of the 
vallev shall pick it out, and the young eagles shall eat 
it." 

1 Tim. v. 8: "But if any provide not for his own, 

S 



86 THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



and especially for those of his own house, he hath 
denied the faith, and is worse than an infidel." 

Prov. xiv. 21: "He that despiseth his neighbour 
sinneth: but he that hath mercy on the poor, happy 
is he." 

2 Pet. ii. 10, 11: "But chiefly them that walk 
after the flesh in the lust of uncleanness, and despise 
government. Presumptuous are they, self-willed : they 
are not afraid to speak evil of dignities. Whereas 
angels, which are greater in power and might, bring 
not railing accusation against them before the Lord." 

Q. 66. What is the reason annexed to the 
fifth commandment ? 

A. The reason annexed to the fifth com- 
mandment, is a promise of long life and pros- 
perity (as far as it shall serve for God's glory 
and their own good) to all such as keep this 
commandment. 

Eph. vi. 2, 8 : " Honour thy father and thy mother, 
(which is the first commandment with promise,) that 
it may be well with thee, and that thou mayest live 
long on the earth." 

Q. 67. Which is the sixth commandment ? 
A. The sixth commandment is, Thou shalt 
not kill. 

Ex. xx. 13 ; Deut. v. 17. 

Q. 68. What is required in the sixth com- 
mandment? 

A. The sixth commandment requireth all 
lawful endeavours to preserve our own life 
and the life of others. 

Matt. iv. 5-7 : " Then the devil taketh him up into the 
holy city, and setteth him on a pinnacle of the temple, 



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and saith unto hini, If thou be the Son of God, cast 
thyself down, for it is written, He shall give his angels 
charge concerning thee ; and in their hands they shall 
bear thee up, lest at any time thou dash thy foot 
against a stone. Jesus said unto him, It is written 
again, Thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God." 

Matt. x. 23: "But when they persecute you in this 
city, flee ye into another : for verily I say unto you, 
Ye shall not have gone over the cities of Israel till the 
Son of man be come." 

Job xxix. 13 : " The blessing of him that was ready 
to perish came upon me: and I caused the widow's 
heart to sing for joy." 

Prov. xxiv. 11, 12: "If thou forbear to deliver them 
that are drawn unto death, and those that are ready to 
be slain ; if thou sayest, Behold, we knew it not : doth 
not he that pondereth the heart consider it: and he 
that keepeth thy soul, doth not he know it ? and shall 
not he render to every man according to his works ?" 

Prov. xxxi. 8, 9 : " Open thy mouth for the dumb in 
the cause of all such as are appointed to destruction. 
Open thy mouth, judge righteously, and plead the cause 
of the poor and needy." 

Q. 69. What is forbidden in the sixth com- 
mandment ? 

A. The sixth commandment forbiddeth the 
taking away of our own life, or the life of our 
neighbour unjustly, or whatsoever tendeth 
thereunto. 

Matt. xix. 18: "Thou shalt do no murder." 

Acts xvi. 28: "But Paul cried with a loud voice, 
saying, Do thyself no harm." 

Deut. xxiv. 6: " No man shall take the neither or 
the upper millstone to pledge : for he taketh a man's 
life to pledge." 

Gen. ix. 6: "Whoso sheddeth man's blood, by man 



88 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



shall his blood be shed : for in the image of God made 
he man." 

Ex. xxi. 14: "But if a man come presumptuously 
upon his neighbour, to slay him with guile ; thou shalt 
take him from mine altar, that he may die." 

Num. xxxv. 30, 31 : "Whoso killeth any person, the 
murderer shall be put to death by the mouth of wit- 
nesses : but one witness shall not testify against any 
person to cause him to die. Moreover, ye shall take 
no satisfaction for the life of a murderer, which is 
guilty of death: but he shall be surely put to death." 

Ex. xxii. 2: "If a thief be found breaking up, and 
be smitten that he die, there shall no blood be shed for 
him." 

1 John iii. 15: "Whosoever hateth his brother is a 
murderer : and ye know that no murderer hath eternal 
life abiding in him." 

Q. 70. Which is the seventh commandment? 
A. The seventh commandment is, Thou 
shalt not commit adultery. 
Ex. xx. 14. 

Q. 71. What is required in the seventh 
commandment ? 

A. The seventh commandment requireth 
the preservation of our own and our neigh- 
bour's chastity, in heart, speech, and beha- 
viour. 

1 Thcss. iv. 3, 4: "For this is the will of God, even 
your sanctification, that ye should abstain from forni- 
cation: that every one of you should know how to 
possess his vessel in sanctification and honour." 

1 Pet. iii. 2: "While they behold your chaste con- 
versation coupled with fear." 

1 Tim. ii. 9: "In like manner, also, that women 
adorn themselves in modest apparel, with shamefaced- 



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ness and sobriety ; not with broidered hair, or gold, or 
pearls, or costly array." 

Eph. iv. 29 : " Let no corrupt communication proceed 
out of your mouth, but that which is good to the use of 
edifying, that it may minister grace unto the hearers." 

1 Cor. vii. 2 : " Nevertheless, to avoid fornication, 
let every man have his own wife, and let every woman 
have her own husband.'' 

Q. 72. What is forbidden in the seventh 
commandment ? 

A. The seventh commandment forbiddeth 
all unchaste thoughts, words, and actions. 

Matt. v. 2S : "But I say unto you. That whosoever 
looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed 
adultery with her already in his heart.*' 

Heb. xiii -±: •• Marriage is honourable in all, and 
the bed undefiled : but whoremongers and adulterers 
God will judge." 7 

1 Cor. vi. 15, 18, 19: "Know ye not that your 
bodies are the members of Christ ? shall I then take 
the members of Christ and make them the members of 
an harlot ? God forbid. Flee fornication. Every sin 
that a man doeth is without the body; but he that 
committeth fornication sinneth against his own body. 
"What ! know ye not that your body is the temple of the 
Holy Ghost which is in you, which ye have of God, 
and ye are not your own?'* 

Eph. v. 3-6: "But fornication, and all uncleanness, 
or covetousness. let it nor be once named among you, 
as becometh saints : neither filthiness. nor foolish talk- 
ing, nor jesting, which are not convenient : but rather 
giving of thanks. For this ye know, that no whore- 
monger, nor unclean person, nor covetous man, who is 
an idolater, hath any inheritance in the kingdom of 
Christ and of God. Let no man deceive you with vain 
words : for because of these things cometh the wrath 
of God upon the children of disobedience.'* 



90 THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



Q. 73. Which is the eighth commandment? 
A. The eighth commandment is, Thou 
shalt not steal. 

Ex. xx. 15. 

Q. 74. What is required in the eighth com- 
mandment ? 

A. The eighth commandment requireth the 
lawful procuring and furthering the wealth 
and outward estate of ourselves and others. 

Eom. xii. 11: "Not slothful in business ; fervent in 
spirit; serving the Lord." 

Eph. iv. 28: " Let him that stole, steal no more: 
but rather let him labour, working with his hands the 
thing which is good, that he may have to give to him 
that neecleth." 

Prov. xxvii. 23, 24: "Be thou diligent to know the 
state of thy flocks, and look well to thy herds : for 
riches are not forever ; and doth the crown endure to 
every generation ?" 

1 Tim. v. 8: "But if any provide not for his own, 
and especially for those of his own house, he hath 
denied the faith, and is worse than an infidel." 

Prov. vi. 6-11 : " Go to the ant, thou sluggard: con- 
sider her ways, and be wise : which, having no guide, 
overseer, or ruler, provideth her meat in the summer, 
and gathereth her food in the harvest. How long wilt 
thou sleep, sluggard? when wilt thou arise out of 
thy sleep ? Yet a little sleep, a little slumber, a little 
folding of the hands to sleep: so shall thy poverty 
come as one that travelleth, and thy want as an armed 
man." 

Furthering the outward estate of others. 

Gal. vi. 10: "As we have therefore opportunity, let 
us do good unto all men, especially unto them who are 
of the household of faith." 



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Phil. ii. 4 : " Look not every man on his own things, 
but every man also on the things of others." 

Lev. xxv. 35: "And if thy brother be waxen poor, 
and fallen in decay with thee, then thou shalt relieve 
him: yea, though he be a stranger, or a sojourner; 
that he may live with thee." 

Prov. xxi. 13 : "Whoso stoppeth his ears at the cry 
of the poor, he also shall cry himself, but shall not be 
heard." 

Micah vi. 8 : " He hath showed thee, man, what is 
good ; and what doth the Lord require of thee, but to 
do justlv, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with 
thy God?" 

Q. 75. What is forbidden in the eighth com- 
mandment? 

A. The eighth commandment forbiddeth 
whatsoever doth or may unjustly hinder our 
own or our neighbour's wealth or outward 
estate. 

Forbiddeth whatsoever may unjustly hinder our own 
outward estate. 

2 Thess. iii. 10: "For even when we were with you, 
this we commanded you, that if any would not work 
neither should he eat." 

1 Tim. v. 12, 13: "Having damnation, because they 
have cast off their first faith. And withal they learn 
to be idle, wandering about from house to house; and 
not only idle, but tattlers also, and busybodies, speak- 
ing things which they ought not." 

Prov. xi. 15 : " He that is surety for a stranger shall 
smart for it : and he that hateth suretiship is sure." 

Prov. xxiii. 21: "For the drunkard and the glutton 
shall come to poverty : and drowsiness shall clothe a 
man with rags." 

Prov. xxi. 17: "He that loveth pleasure shall be a 
poor man: he that loveth wine and oil shall not be 
rich." 



92 THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



Prov. xxviii. 19: "He that tilleth his land shall 
have plenty of bread : but he that followeth after vain 
persons shall have poverty enough." 

Or our neighbour's. 

1 Thess. iv. 6 : " That no man go beyond and defraud 
his brother in any matter, because that the Lord is the 
avenger of all such." 

Prov. xx. 10 : "Divers weights, and divers measures, 
both of them are alike abomination to the Lord." 

Prov. xxi. 6: "The getting treasures by a lying 
tongue is a vanity tossed to and fro, of them that seek 
death." 

Ps. xxxvii. 21 : " The wicked borroweth, and payeth 
not again." 

1 John iii. 17: "But whoso hath this world's good, 
and seeth his brother have need, and shutteth up his 
bowels of compassion from him, how dwelleth the love 
of God in him ?" 

Q. 76. Which is the ninth commandment ? 

A. The ninth commandment is ; Thou shalt 
not bear false witness against thy neigh- 
bour. 

Ex. xx. 16. 

Q. 77. What is required in the ninth com- 
mandment ? 

A. The ninth commandment requireth the 
maintaining and promoting of truth between 
man and man, and of our own and our neigh- 
bour's good name, especially in witness- 
bearing. 

Ps. xv. 1-3: "Lord, who shall abide in thy taber- 
nacle? who shall dwell in thy holy hill? He that 
walketh uprightly, and worketh righteousness, and 
speaketh the truth in his heart. He that backbiteth 



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not with his tongue, nor doeth evil to his neighbour, 
nor taketh up a reproach against his neighbour." 

Zech. viii. 16: "These are the things that ye shall 
do : Speak ye every man the truth to his neighbour ; 
execute the judgment of truth and peace in your 
gates." 

Prov. xii. 19 : " The lip of truth shall be established 
forever : but a lying tongue is but for a moment." 

Prov. xii. 22: "Lying lips are abomination to the 
Lord : but they that deal truly are his delight." 

Ps. ci. 5: "Whoso privily slandereth his neighbour, 
him will I cut off : him that hath a high look and a 
proud heart will not I suffer." 

Prov. xiv. 5 : "A faithful witness will not lie : but a 
false witness will utter lies." 

Prov. xxv. 23 : " The north wind driveth away rain: 
so doth an angry countenance a backbiting tongue." 

Q. 78. What is forbidden in the ninth 
conmiandnient ? 

A. The ninth commandment forbiddeth 
whatsoever is prejudicial to truth, or injurious 
to our own or our neighbour's good name. 

Eph. iv. 25: "Putting away lying, speak every man 
truth with his neighbour." 

Ex. xxiii. 1: "Thou shalt not raise a false report : 
put not thine hand with the wicked to be an un- 
righteous witness." 

Prov. xix. 5: "A false witness shall not be un- 
punished, and he that speaketh lies shall not escape." 

James iv. 11: "Speak not evil one of another, 
brethren." 

Titus iii. 1, 2: "Put them in mind ... to speak 
evil of no man." 

Prov. xvi. 28: "A froward man soweth strife: and 
a whisperer separateth chief friends." 

Eev. xxi. 8: "But the fearful, and unbelieving, and 
the abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, 



94 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars, shall have 
their part in the lake which burnetii with fire and 
brimstone : which is the second death." 

Ps. 1. 19-23: "Thou givest thy mouth to evil, and 
thy tongue frameth deceit. Thou sittest and speakest 
against thy brother ; thou slanderest thine own mo- 
ther's son. These things hast thou done, and I kept 
silence; thou thoughtest that I was altogether such an 
one as thyself: but I will reprove thee, and set them 
in order before thine eyes. Now consider this, ye that 
forget God, lest I tear you in pieces, and there be none 
to deliver. Whoso offereth praise glorifieth me : and 
to him that ordereth his conversation aright will I show 
the salvation of God." 

Q. 79. Which is the tenth commandment ? 

A. The tenth commandment is, Thou shalt 
not covet thy neighbour's house, thou shalt 
not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his man- 
servant, nor his maid-servant, nor his ox, nor 
his ass, nor any thing that is thy neigh- 
bour's. 

Ex. xx. 17. 

Q. 80. What is required in the tenth com- 
mandment ? 

A. The tenth commandment requireth full 
contentment with our own condition, with a 
right and charitable frame of spirit toward 
our neighbour and all that is his. 

Contentment with our own condition. 

Heb. xiii. 5: "Let your conversation be without 
covetousness ; and be content with such things as ye 
have." 

Luke xii. 15: "Take heed and beware of covetous- 
ness." 



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rhil. iv. 6: **' Be careful for nothing: but in every 
thing by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let 
your requests be made known unto God." 

A right and charitable frame of spirit toward oar neigh- 
bour. 

Rom. xii. 15: "Rejoice with them that do rejoice, 
and weep with them that weep/' 

1 Cor. xiii. 4-7: '-Charity suffereth long, and is 
kind : charity envieth not ; charity vaunteth not itself, 
is not puffed up. doth not behave itself unseemly, 
seeketh not her own, is not easily provoked, thinketh 
no evil: rejoiceth not in iniquity, but rejoiceth in the 
truth : beareth all things, believeth all things, hopeth 
all things, endureth all things." 

Peut. xxii. 1 : Thou shalt not see thy brother's ox 
or his sheep go astray, and hide thyself from them : 
thou shalt in any case bring them again unto thy 
brother." 

Gal. vi. 10 : i; As we have therefore opportunity, let 
us do good unto all men, especially unto them who are 
of the household of faith/' 

Q. SI. What is forbidden in the tenth 
commandment ? 

A. The tenth commandment forbiddeth all 
discontentment with our own estate, envying 
or grieving at the good of our neighbour, and 
all inordinate motions and affections to any 
thing that is his. 

Discontent. 

1 Cor. x. 10 : >7either murmur ye. as some of them 
murmured, and were destroyed of the destroyer." 

Envying or grieving at the good of our neighbour. 
Gal. v. 26: '-Let us not be desirous of vain-glory, 
provoking one another, envying one another." 

James iii. 14, 16 : •• But if ye have bitter envying and 



96 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



strife in your hearts, glory not, and lie not against the 
truth. For where envying and strife is, there is con- 
fusion and every evil work." 

All inordinate affections to any thing that is his. 

Col. iii. 5, 6: " Mortify therefore your members 
which are upon the earth : fornication, uncleanness, 
inordinate affection, evil concupiscence, and covetous- 
ness, which is idolatry : for which things' sake the 
wrath of God cometh on the children of disobedience." 

Q. 82. Is any man able perfectly to keep 
the commandments of God ? 

A. No mere man since the fall is able in 
this life perfectly to keep the command- 
ments of God, but doth daily break them, in 
thought, word, and deed. 

No mere man. 

Christ perfectly obeyed the law, [Heb. iv. 15 ; 1 Pet. 
ii. 22 ;] but he was not "mere man." 

JYo mere man is able perfectly to keep the command- 
ments of God. 

Rom. vii. 14, 15, 18, 19, 21-25: "For we know that 
the law is spiritual : but I am carnal, sold under sin. 
For that which I do, I allow not : for what I would, 
that do I not : but what I hate, that do I. For I know 
that in me (that is, in my flesh) dwelleth no good 
thing : for to will is present with me ; but how to per- 
form that which is good, I find not. For the good that 
I would, I do not : but the evil which I would not, that 
I do. I find then a law, that when I would do good, 
evil is present with me. For I delight in the law of 
God, after the inward man : but I see another law in 
my members, warring against the law of my mind, and 
bringing me into captivity to the law of sin which is in 
my members. Oh, wretched man that I am ! who shall 
deliver me from the body of this death ? I thank God, 



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through Jesus Christ our Lord. So, then, with the 
mind I myself serve the law of God ; but with the flesh 
the law of sin." 

But doth daily break them, in thought, icord, and deed. 

1 John i. 8 : i * If we say that we have no sin, we de- 
ceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us." 

Job ix. 20: "If I justify myself, mine own mouth 
shall condemn me. If I say I am perfect, it shall also 
prove me perverse." 

Ps. cxix. 96 : "I have seen an end of all perfection : 
but thy commandment is exceeding broad." 

Gen. viii. 21: "The imagination of man's heart is 
evil from his youth." 

James iii. 2 : "In many things we offend all." 

Ps. xix. 12: " "Who can understand his errors? 
Cleanse thou me from secret faults." 

Q. 83. Are all transgressions of the lave 
equally heinous ? 

A. Some sins in themselves, and by reason 
of several aggravations, are more heinous in 
the sight of God than others. 

Matt. xii. 31, 32: ""Wherefore I say unto you, all 
manner of sin and blasphemy shall be forgiven unto 
men : but the blasphemy against the Holy Ghost shall 
not be forgiven unto men. And whosoever speaketh a 
word against the Son of man, it shall be forgiven him : 
but whosoever speaketh against the Holy Ghost, it shall 
not be forgiven him, neither in this world, neither in 
the world to come." 

Matt. x. 14. 15: "And whosoever shaU not receive 
you, nor hear your words, when ye depart out of that 
house or city, shake off the dust of your feet. Verily, 
I say unto you. It shall be more tolerable for the land 
of Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment, than 
for that city." 

Luke xii. 47, 48: "And that servant which knew 
his lord's will, and prepared not himself, neither did 
9 



98 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



according to his will, shall be beaten with many stripes. v 
But he that knew" not, and did commit things worthy 
of stripes, shall be beaten with few stripes. For unto 
whomsoever much is given, of him shall be much re- 
quired ; and to whom men have committed much, of 
him they will ask the more." 

Heb. x. 28, 29: "He that despised Moses' law 
died without mercy under two _or three witnesses : of 
how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall he be 
thought worthy who hath trodden under foot the Son 
of God, and hath counted the blood of the covenant, 
wherewith he was sanctified, an unholy thing, and hath 
done despite unto the Spirit of grace ?" 

Matt. xi. 20-24: "Then began he to upbraid the 
cities wherein most of his mighty works were' done, be- 
cause they repented not: Woe unto thee, Chorazin ! woe 
unto thee, Bethsaida ! for if the mighty works which 
were done in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon, 
they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and 
ashes. But I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable 
for Tyre and Sidon at the day of judgment, than for 
you. And thou, Capernaum, which art exalted unto 
heaven, shalt be brought down to hell : for if the 
mighty works which have been done in thee had been 
done in Sodom, it would have remained until this day. 
But I say unto you, That it shall be more tolerable for 
the land of Sodom in the day of judgment, than for thee." 

Q. 84. What doth every sin deserve ? 

A. Every sin deserve th God's wrath and 
curse, both in this life and that which is to 
come. 

Rom. vi. 23 : "The wages of sin is death." 

Ezek. xviii. 4 : " The soul that sinneth, it shall die." 

Gal. iii. 10: "Cursed is every one that continueth 
not in all things which are written in the book of the 
law to do them." 



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Matt. xxv. 41, 46 : " Then shall he say unto them on 
the left hand. Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlast- 
ing fire, prepared for the devil and his angels. And 
these shall go away into everlasting punishment ; but 
the righteous into life eternal." 

John iii. 3G : " He that believeth on the Son hath 
everlasting life ; and he that believeth not the Son 
shall not see life ; but the wrath of God abideth on 
him." 

Q. 85. What doth God require of us, that 
we may escape his wrath and curse due to 
us for sin ? 

A. To escape the wrath and curse of God 
due to us for sin, God requireth of us faith in 
Jesus Christ, repentance unto life, with the 
diligent use of all the outward means whereby 
Christ conrmunicateth to us the benefits of 
redemption. 

God requireth of us faith in Jesus Christ. 

John vi. 29: " Jesus answered and said unto them, 
This is the work of God, that ye believe on him whom 
he hath sent." 

1 John iii. 23: "This is his commandment, That we 
should believe on the name of his Son Jesus Christ." 

Acts xvi. 31 : "And they said, Believe on the Lord 
Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved, and thy house." 

John iii. 16: "For God so loved the world that he 
gave his only -begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in 
him should not perish, but have everlasting life." 

Mark xvi. 16: "He that believeth and is baptized 
shall be saved; but he that believeth not shall be 
damned." 

Repentance unto life. 

Luke xiii. 3: "'Except ye repent, ye shall all like- 
wise perish." 



100 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



Diligent use of outivard means. 

Rom. x. 17 : " So, then, faith cometh by hearing, and 
hearing by the word of God." 

Phil. ii. 12, 13 : " Wherefore, my beloved, as ye have 
always obeyed, not as in my presence only, but now 
much more in my absence, work out your own salva- 
tion with fear and trembling. For it is God which 
worketh in you both to will and to do of his good 
pleasure." 

Luke xiii. 24 : " Strive to enter in at the strait gate : 
for many, I say unto you, will seek to enter in, and 
shall not be able." 

Matt. vii. 7: "Ask, and it shall be given you : seek, 
and ye shall find : knock, and it shall be opened unto 
you." 

Isa. Iv. 3: " Incline your ear, and come unto me; 
hear, and your soul shall live." 

Heb. ii. 3 : " How shall we escape if we neglect so 
great salvation ?" 

Q. 86. "What is faith in Jesus Christ? 

A. Faith in Jesus Christ is a saving grace, 
whereby we receive and rest upon him alone 
for salvation, as he is offered to us in the 
gospel. 

A saving grace. 

John i. 12, 13: "But as many as received him, to 
them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to 
them which believe on his name ; which were born, not 
of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of 
man, but of God." 

Eph. ii. 8: "For by grace are ye saved, through 
faith ; and that not of yourselves : it is the gift of 
God." 

Whereby we receive and rest upon him alone for salva- 
tion, as he is offered to us in the gospel. 

Matt. xi. 28, 29 : " Come unto me, all ye that labour 



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and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Take 
my yoke upon you, and learn of me ; for I am meek and 
lowly in heart : and ye shall find rest unto your souls." 

Gal. ii. 16 : :i Knowing that a man is not justified by 
the works of the law, but by the faith of Jesus Christ, 
even we have believed in Jesus Christ, that we might 
be justified by the faith of Christ, and not by the works 
of the law : lor by the works of the law shall no fiesh 
be justified." 

Phil. iii. 7-9: ''But what things were gain to me, 
those I counted loss for Christ. Yea, doubtless, and I 
count all things but loss for the excellency of the know- 
ledge of Christ Jesus my Lord : for whom I have suf- 
fered the loss of all things, and do count them but 
dung, that I may win Christ, and be found in him, not 
having mine own righteousness, which is of the law, 
but that which is through the faith of Christ, the right- 
eousness which is of God by faith." 

Rom. x. 6-10: ''But the righteousness which is of 
faith speaketh on this wise, JSay not in thine heart, 
Who shall ascend into heaven ? (that is, to bring Christ 
down from above :) or, Who shall descend into the 
deep ? (that is, to bring up Christ again from the 
dead.) But what saith it ? The word is nigh thee, 
even in thy mouth, and in thy heart : that is, the word 
of faith, which we preach : that if thou shalt confess 
with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in 
thine heart that God hath raised him from the dead, 
thou shalt be saved. For with the heart man believeth 
unto righteousness ; and with the mouth confession is 
made unto salvation." 

Eph. i. 13 : "In whom ye also trusted, after that ye 
heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation." 

Q. 87. What is repentance unto life ? 

A. Repentance unto life is a saving grace, 
whereby a sinner, out of a true sense of his 
sin ; and apprehension of the mercy of God in 
9* 



102 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



Christ ; cloth; with grief and hatred of his sin, 
turn from it unto God, with full purpose of, 
and endeavour after, new obedience. 

Repentance unto life is a saving grace. 

2 Cor. vii. 10: " For godly sorrow worketh repentance 
to salvation not to be repented of ; but the sorrow of 
the world worketh death." 

Acts xi. 18: "When they heard these things, they 
held their peace, and glorified God, saying, Then hath 
God also to the Gentiles granted repentance unto life." 

Out of a true sense of sin. 

Ps. li. 3, 4 : "For I acknowledge my transgressions ; 
and my sin is ever before me. Against thee, thee only, 
have I sinned, and done this evil in thy sight: that 
thou might est be justified when thou speakest, and be 
clear when thou judgest." 

And apprehension of the mercy of God in Christ. 

Ps. cxxx. 3, 4: "If thou, Lord, shouldest mark 
iniquities, Lord, who shall stand ? But there is 
forgiveness with thee, that thou mayest be feared." 

Ps. li. 1, 2: "Have mercy upon me, God, accord- 
ing to thy loving-kindness : according unto the mul- 
titude of thy tender mercies blot out my transgressions. 
Wash me thoroughly from mine iniquity, and cleanse 
me from my sin." 

John ix. 35-38: "Jesus heard that they had cast 
him out : and when he had found him, he said unto 
him, Dost thou believe on the Son of God ? He an- 
swered and said, Who is he, Lord, that I might believe 
on him? And Jesus said unto him, Thou hast both 
seen him, and it is he that talketh with thee. And 
he said, Lord, I believe. And he worshipped him." 

Luke xv. 18—20: "I will arise and go to my father, 
and will say unto him, Father, I have sinned against 
heaven, and before thee, and am no more worthy to be 
called thy son : make me as one of thy hired servants. 



PROVED BY SCRIPTURE. 



103 



And he arose, and came to his father. But when he 
was yet a great way off, his father saw him, and had 
compassion, and ran, and fell on his neck, and kissed 
him." 

With grief and hatred of his sin. 

Luke xv. 21: "And the son said unto him, Father, 
I hare sinned against heaven and in thy sight, and am 
no more worthy to be called thy son." 

Ezek. xxxvi. 31 : " Then shall ye remember your 
own evil ways, and your doings that were not good, 
and shall loathe yourselves in your own sight for your 
iniquities, and for your abominations." 

2 Cor. vii. 10, 11: "For godly sorrow worketh re- 
pentance to salvation not to be repented of ; but the 
sorrow of the world worketh death. For behold this 
self-same thing, that ye sorrowed after a godly sort, 
what carefulness it wrought in you, yea, what clearing 
of yourselves, yea, what indignation, yea, what fear, 
yea, what vehement desire, yea, what zeal, yea, what 
revenge !" 

Doth turn from it unto God. 

Ezek. xviii. 30-32: " Eepent, and turn yourselves 
from all your transgressions : so iniquity shall not be 
your ruin. Cast away from you all your transgressions, 
whereby ye have transgressed : and make you a new 
heart and a new spirit : for why will ye die, house 
of Israel ? For I have no pleasure in the death of him 
that dieth, saith the Lord Grod : wherefore turn your- 
selves, and live ye." 

Lam. iii. 40 : " Let us search and try our ways, and 
turn again to the Lord." 

Jer. iv. 1 : "If thou wilt return, Israel, saith the 
Lord, return unto me." 

With full purpose of and endeavour after, new obedience, 

Ps. cxix. 59, 60 : "I thought on my ways, and turned 
my feet unto thy testimonies. I made haste, and de- 
layed not to keep thy commandments." 



104 THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



Ps. cxix. 10: "With my whole heart have I sought 
thee: oh, let me not wander from thy commandments." 

Ps. xix. 12, 13: "Who can understand his errors? 
cleanse thou me from secret faults. Keep back thy 
servant also from presumptuous sins; let them not 
have dominion over me : then shall I be upright, and I 
shall be innocent from the great transgression." 

Q. 88. "What are the outward and ordinary 
means whereby Christ communieateth to us 
the benefits of redemption ? 

A. The outward and ordinary means where- 
by Christ communieateth to us the benefits 
of redemption are his ordinances, especially 
the word, sacraments, and prayer; all which 
are made effectual to the elect for salvation. 

Outward means. 

[Implying that there are other, and inward, means, 
by which these "are made eifectual."] 
Ordinances. 

Matt, xxviii. 20: "Teaching them to observe all 
things whatsoever I have commanded you." 

Acts ii. 42: "And they continued steadfastly in the 
apostles' doctrine and fellowship, and in breaking of 
bread, and in prayers." 

1 Tim. iii. 15: " But if I tarry long, that thou mayest 
know how thou oughtest to behave thyself in the house 
of God, which is the church of the living God, the pillar 
and ground of the truth." 

Eph. iv. 11, 12: "And he gave some, apostles; and 
some, prophets ; and some, evangelists ; and some, 
pastors and teachers ; for the perfecting of the saints, 
for the work of the ministry, for the edifying of the 
body of Christ." 

Especially the ivord. 

2 Tim. iii. 15-17 : " And that from a child thou hast 



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105 



known the holy scriptures, which are able to make thee 
vise unto salvation through faith which is in Christ 
Jesus. All scripture is given by inspiration of God. 
and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, 
for instruction in righteousness : that the man of God 
may be perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all good 
works." 

Rom. x. 17 : " So, then, faith conieth by hearing, and 
hearing by the word of God." 

1 Cor. i. 21 : " For after that in the wisdom of God 
the world by wisdom knew not God, it pleased God by 
the foolishness of preaching to save them that believe. " 

Sacraments. 

1 Pet. iii. 21: ;; The like figure whereunto, even bap- 
tism, doth also now save us, (not the putting away of 
the filth of the fiesh. but the answer of a good con- 
science toward God,) by the resurrection of Jesus 
Christ.*' 

1 Cor. x. 16: ' ; The cup of blessing which we bless, 
is it not the communion of the blood of Christ ? The 
bread which we break, is it not the communion of the 
body of Christ ?" 

And prayer. 

Luke xi. 9-13: "And I say unto you, Ask. and it 
shall be given you : seek, and ye shall find : knock, 
and it shall be opened unto you. For every one that 
asketh recei^eth : and he that seeketh findeth : and to 
him that knocketh, it shall be opened. If a son shall 
ask bread of any of you That is a father, will he give 
him a stone ? or if he ask a fish, will he for a fish give 
him a serpent ? or if he shall ask an egg, will he offer 
him a scorpion ? If ye then, being evil, know how to 
give good gifts unto your children, how much more 
shall your heavenly Father glye the Holy Spirit to them 
that ask him !*' 

All ichich are made effectual to the elect for salvation. 
1 Cor. iii. 6, 7 : ,; I have planted, Apollos watered: 



106 THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



but God gave the increase. So then, neither is he that 
planteth any thing, neither he that yvatereth ; but God 
that giveth the increase." 

Gal. vi. 15: "For in Christ Jesus neither circum- 
cision availeth any thing, nor uncircumcision, but a 
new creature." 

Zech. iv. 6 : "Not by might, nor by power, but by 
my Spirit, saith the Lord of hosts." 

To the elect. 

Acts xiii. 48: "And when the Gentiles heard this, 
they were glad, and glorified the word of the Lord: 
and as many as were ordained to eternal life believed." 

Q. 89. How is the word made effectual to 
salvation ? 

A. The Spirit of God maketh the reading, 
but especially the preaching, of the word an 
effectual means of convincing and converting 
sinners, and of building them up in holiness 
and comfort, through faith, unto salvation. 

The reading of the word. 

Ps. xix. 7, 8: "The law of the Lord is perfect, 
converting the soul : the testimony of the Lord is sure, 
making wise the simple. The statutes of the Lord are 
right, rejoicing the heart: the commandment of the 
Lord is pure, enlightening the eyes." 

Especially the preaching of the word. 

2 Tim. iv. 1-5 : "I charge thee therefore before God, 
and the Lord Jesus Christ, who shall judge the quick 
and the dead at his appearing and his kingdom; 
preach the word; be instant in season, out of season; 
reprove, rebuke, exhort with all long-suffering and 
doctrine. For the time will come when they will not 
endure sound doctrine ; but after their own lusts shall 
they heap to themselves teachers, having itching ears ; 
and they shall turn away their ears from the truth, and 



PROVED BY SCRIPTURE. 



107 



shall be turned unto fables. But watch thou in all 
things, endure afflictions, do the work of an evangelist, 
make full proof of thy ministry." 

1 Tim. iv. 16 : " Take heed unto thyself, and unto 
the doctrine ; continue in them : for in doing this thou 
shalt both save thyself and them that hear thee." 

Means of convincing and converting sinners. 

Eph. vi. 17: "And the sword of the Spirit, which is 
the word of God." 

Acts xxvi. 17, 18: "Delivering thee from the people, 
and from the Gentiles, unto whom now I send thee, to 
open their eyes, and to turn ttrem from darkness to 
light, and from the power of Satan unto God, that they 
may receive forgiveness of sins, and inheritance among 
them which are sanctified by faith that is in me." 

And of building them up in holiness and comfort unto 
salvation. 

John xvii. 17: "Sanctify them through thy truth: 
thy word is truth." 

Col. i. 28: "Whom we preach, warning every man, 
and teaching every man in all wisdom : that we may 
present every man perfect in Christ Jesus." 

Rom. xv 4: "For whatsoever things were written 
aforetime were written for our learning, that we 
through patience and comfort of the scriptures might 
have hope." 

Acts xx. 32: "And now, brethren, I commend you 
to God, and to the word of his grace, which is able to 
build you up and to give you an inheritance among all 
them which are sanctified." 

Which the Spirit of God malceth effectual. 

1 Pet. i. 22 : " Seeing ye have purified your souls in 
obeying the truth through the Spirit." 

Eph. ii. 1 : " You hath he quickened, who were dead 
in trespasses and sins." 

Phil. ii. 13: "For it is God which worketh in you 
both to will and to do of his good pleasure." 



108 THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



Q. 90. How is the word to be read and 
heard, that it may become effectual to salva- 
tion ? 

A. That the word may become effectual to 
salvation, we must attend thereunto with 
diligence, preparation, and prayer, receive it 
with faith and love, lay it up in our hearts, 
and practise it in our lives. 

Attend thereunto with diligence. 

John v. 39: " Search the Scriptures." 

Luke x. 26: "What is "written in the law? How 
readest thou?" 

Matt. xxii. 29: "Ye do err, not knowing the Scrip- 
tures." 

Acts xvii. 11, 12 : " These were more noble than 
those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word 
with all readiness of mind, and searched the Scriptures 
daily, whether those things were so. Therefore many 
of them believed : also of honourable women which 
were Greeks, and of men not a few." 

With preparation. 

James i. 21 : "Wherefore lay apart all filthiness, 
and superfluity of naughtiness, and receive with meek- 
ness the ingrafted word, which is able to save your 
souls." 

Luke viii. 18 : " Take heed therefore how ye hear." 

1 Pet. ii. 1, 2: "Wherefore, laying aside all malice, 
and all guile, and hypocrisies, and envies, and all evil- 
speakings, as new-born babes, desire the sincere milk 
of the word, that ye may grow thereby." 

With prayer. 

Ps. cxix. 18: "Open thou mine eyes, that I may 
behold wondrous things out of thy law." 

Ps. cxix. 5, 33-37 : "Oh that my ways were directed 
to keep thy statutes. Teach me, Lord, the way of 



PROVED BY SCRIPTURE. 



109 



thy statures : and I shall keep it unto the end. Give 
me understanding, and I shall keep thy law ; yea, I 
shall observe ir wirh my -whole heart. Make me to go 
in the path of thy commandments ; for therein do I 
delight. Incline my heart unto thy testimonies, and 
not to covetousness. Turn away mine eyes from be- 
holding vanity ; and quicken thou me in thy way.' 1 
With faith. 

Heb. iv. 2: 4i For unto us was the gospel preached, 
as well as unto them : but the word preached did not 
profit them, not being mixed with faith in them that 
heard it." 

1 Thess. ii. 13: '-For this cause also thank we God 
without ceasing, because, when ye received the word 
of God which ye heard of us. ye received it not as the 
word of men. but fas it is in truth) the word of God, 
which effectually worketh also in you that believe." 
• With love. 

Ps. cxix. 97. 103 : " Oh. how love I thy lav- : ir is my 
meditation all the day. How sweet are thy words unto 
my taste ! yea. sweeter than honey to my mouth." 

Ps. cxii. 1: •• Blessed is the man that feareth the 
Lord, that delighteth greatly in his commandments." 

Lay it up in our hearts. 

Ps. cxix. 11: --Thy word have I hid in my heart, 
that I might not sin against thee." 

Ps. cxix. 15: 6 fl will meditate in thy precepts, and 
have respect unto thy ways." 

And practise it in our lives. 

Ps. cxix. 1-3 : --Blessed are the ondefiled in the way, 
who walk in the law of the Lord. Blessed are they 
that keep his testimonies, and that seek him with the 
whole heart. They also do no iniquity : they walk in 
his ways." 

James i. 22. 25: "But be ye doers of the word, and 
not hearers only, deceiving your own selves. But 
whoso looketh into the perfect law of liberty and con- 
10 



110 



THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



tinueth therein, lie being not a forgetful hearer, but a 
doer of the work, this man shall be blessed in his deed." 

Q. 91. How do the sacraments become 
effectual means of salvation ? 

A. The sacraments become effectual means 
of salvation, not from any virtue in them or 
in him that doth administer them; but only 
by the blessing of Christ, and the working 
of his Spirit in them that by faith receive 
them. 

Not from any virtue in them. 

Gal. v. 6 : " For in Jesus Christ neither circumcision 
availeth any thing, nor uncircumcision ; but faith which 
worketh by love." 

Acts viii. 13, 20-23 : "Then Simon himself believed 
also : and when he was baptized, he continued with 
Philip, and wondered, beholding the miracles and signs 
which were done. But Peter said unto him, Thy 
money perish with thee, because thou hast thought 
the gift of God may be purchased with money. Thou 
hast neither part nor lot in this matter : for thy heart 
is not right in the sight of God. Repent therefore 
of this thy wickedness, and pray God if perhaps the 
thought of thine heart may be forgiven thee. For I 
perceive that thou art in the gall of bitterness and in 
the bond of iniquity." 

Nor from any virtue in him that doth administer them. 

1 Cor. iii. 7: "So, then, neither is he that planteth 
any thing, neither he that watereth; but God that 
giveth the increase." 

But by the blessing of Christ, and the working of his 
Spirit. 

1 Cor. vi. 11 : "But ye are washed, but ye are sanc- 
tified, but ye are justified, in the name of the Lord 
Jesus, and by the Spirit of our God." 



PROVED BY SCRIPTURE. 



Ill 



In them that by faith receive them. 

Mark xvi. 16: 4i He that believeth and is baptized 
shall be saved." 

Luke xiii. 25-27 : "When once the Master of the 
house is risen up, and hath shut to the door, and 
ye begin to stand without, and to knock at the door, 
saying, Lord, Lord, open unto us : and he shall answer 
and say unto you, I know you not whence ye are : then 
shall ye begin to say, We have eaten and drunk in thy 
presence, and thou hast taught in our streets. But he 
shall say, I tell you, I know you not whence ye are; 
depart from me, all ye workers of iniquity." 

Q. 92. What is a sacrament ? 

A. A sacrament is a holy ordinance insti- 
tuted by Christ, wherein, by sensible signs, 
Christ, and the benefits of the new covenant, are 
represented, sealed, and applied to believers. 

A holy ordinance instituted hy Christ. 

Matt, xxviii. 19 : ;i Go ye. therefore, and teach all 
nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and 
of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost." 

Matt. xxvi. 26. 27 : "And as they were eating, Jesus 
took bread, and blessed it. and brake it, and gave it to 
the disciples, and said. Take, eat : this is my body. 
And he took the cup. and gave thanks, and gave it to 
them, saying. Drink ye all of it." 

Christ's body, as a sacrifice for sin, represented in the 
sacramental bread. 

Luke xxii. 19: "And he took bread, and gave 
thanks, and brake it, and gave unto them, saying, 
This is my body which is given for you : this do in re- 
membrance of me," 

Christ's blood, shed for the remission of sins, represented 
in the sacramental cup. 

Luke xxii. 20 : •• Likewise also the cup after supper. 



112 THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



saying, This cup is the New Testament in my blood 
which is shed for you." 

The washing away of sins, and the inivard washing of 
regeneration, represented by baptism. 

Acts ii. 38: "Then Peter said unto them, Repent, 
and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus 
Christ, for the remission of sins, and ye shall receive 
the gift of the Holy Ghost." 

Acts xxii. 16: "And now why tarriest thou? arise, 
and be baptized, and wash away thy sins, calling on 
the name of the Lord." 

A sacrament is a sign and seal of the new covenant. 

Rom. iv. 11 : 1 i He received the sign of circumcision, 
a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had 
being yet uncircumcised." 

Gal. iii. 26, 27: " For ye are all the children of God 
by faith in Christ Jesus. For as many of you as have 
been baptized into Christ have put on Christ." 

Q. 93. Which are the sacraments of the 
New Testament ? 

A. The sacraments of the ISTew Testament 
are Baptism, and the Lord's Supper. 

[See Q. 92. There were none others instituted by 
Christ to serve as sacraments, — i.e. to represent " Christ 
and his benefits," and to serve as " signs and seals" of 
the "New Covenant."] 

Q. 94. What is baptism ? 

A. Baptism is a sacrament, wherein the 
washing with water, in the name of the 
Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy 
Ghost, doth signify and seal our ingrafting 
into Christ, and partaking of the benefits of 



PROVED BY SCRIPTURE. 



113 



the covenant of grace, and our engagement 
to be the Lord's. 

Washing icith water, in the name of Father, Son, and 
Holy Ghost. 

Acts x. 47: "Can any man forbid water, that these 
should not be baptized, which have received the Holy 
Ghost as well as we ?" 

Matt, xxviii. 19: "Go ye, therefore, and teach all 
nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and 
of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost." 

Doth signify our ingrafting into Christ, and partaking of 
the covenant of grace. 

Gal. iii. 27: "As many of you as have been baptized 
into Christ have put on Christ/' 

1 Cor. xii. 13: "For by one Spirit are we all bap- 
tized into one body, whether we be Jews or Gentiles, 
whether we be bond or free; and have been all made 
to drink into one Spirit.'* 

And our engagement to be the Lord's. 

Rom. vi. 3-6 : " Know ye not that so many of us as 
were baptized into Jesus Christ were baptized into his 
death ? Therefore we are buried with him by baptism 
into death : that like as Christ was raised up from the 
dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should 
walk in newness of life. For if we have been planted 
together in the likeness of his death, we shall be also 
in the likeness of his resurrection : knovring this, that 
our old man is crucified with him. that the body of sin 
might be destroyed, that henceforth we should not 
serve sin." 

Q. 95. To whom is baptism to be admi- 
nistered ? 

A. Baptism is not to be administered to any 
that are out of the visible chnrch. till they 
profess their faith in Christ and obedience to 

10* 



114 THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



him ; but the infants of such as are members 
of the visible church are to be baptized. 

Not to be administered to any out of the visible church, 
till they profess their faith in Christ. 

Acts viii. 36, 37: "And as they went on their way, 
they came unto a certain water ; and the eunuch said, 
See, here is water : what doth hinder me to be bap- 
tized ? And Philip said, If thou believest with all thine 
heart, thou mayest. And he answered and said, I be- 
lieve that Jesus Christ is the Son of God." 

Acts ii. 41 : "Then they that gladly received his 
word were baptized; and the same day there were 
added unto them about three thousand souls." 

But the infants of such as are members of the visible 
church are to be baptized. 

Gen. xvii. 4, 7, 10: "As for me, behold, my cove- 
nant is with thee, and thou shalt be a father of many 
nations. And I will establish my covenant between 
me and thee, and thy seed after thee, in their genera- 
tions, for an everlasting covenant; to be a God unto 
thee, and to thy seed after thee. This is my covenant, 
which ye shall keep, between me and you, and thy seed 
after thee : Every man-child among you shall be cir- 
cumcised." 

Gal. iii. 7-9, 17, 26, 29: "Know ye therefore that 
they which are of faith, the same are the children of 
Abraham. And the scripture, foreseeing that God 
would justify the heathen through faith, preached be- 
fore the gospel unto Abraham, saying, In thee shall all 
nations be blessed. So then they which be of faith are 
blessed with faithful Abraham. And this I say, That 
the covenant that was confirmed before of God in Christ, 
the law, which was four hundred and thirty years after, 
cannot disannul, that it should make the promise of 
none effect. For ye are all the children of God by faith 
in Christ Jesus. And if ye be Christ's, then are ye 
Abraham's seed, and heirs according to the promise." 



PROVED BY SCRIPTURE. 



115 



Rom. xi. 17, 18: "And if some of the branches be 
broken off, and thou, being a wild olive-tree, wert 
graffed in among them, and with them partakest of 
the root and fatness of the olive-tree ; boast not 
against the branches. But if thou boast, thou bearest 
not the root, but the root thee."' 

1 Cor. vii. 14: "For the unbelieving husband is 
sanctified by the wife, and the unbelieving wife is 
sanctified by the husband : else were your children un- 
clean; but now are they holy." 

Col. ii. 11: " In whom also ye are circumcised with 
the circumcision made without hands, in putting off 
the body of the sins of the flesh by the circumcision of 
Christ." 

Acts xvi. 15, 33 : " And when she was baptized, and her 
household, she besought us, saying, If ye have judged 
me to be faithful to the Lord, come unto my house, and 
abide there. And she constrained us. And he took 
them the same hour of the night, and washed their 
stripes ; and was baptized, he and all his, straight- 
way." 

1 Cor. i. 16: "And I baptized also the household 
of Stephanas : besides, I know not whether I baptized 
any other." 

Q. 96. What is the Lord's supper? 

A. The Lord's supper is a sacrament, 
wherein, by giving and receiving bread and 
wine, according to Christ's appointment, his 
death is showed forth; and the worthy re- 
ceivers are, not after a corporal and carnal 
manner, but by faith, made partakers of his 
body and blood, with all his benefits, to their 
spiritual nourishment and growth in grace. 

" The Lord's supper." 

1 Cor. xi. 20. [Sometimes improperly called "The 



116 THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



Eucharist," from a word signifying The Giving of 
Thanks : which is not peculiar to this ordinance.] 
Bread and wine. 

1 Cor. xi. 23, 26: 4 4 The Lord Jesus, the same night 
in which he was betrayed, took bread. . . . For as oft 
as ye eat this bread." 

Matt. xxvi. 27, 29 : "And he took the cup, and gave 
thanks, and gave it to them, saying, Drink ye all of it. 
But I say unto you, I will not drink henceforth of this 
fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new 
with you in my Father's kingdom." 

His death is showed forth. 

1 Cor. xi. 26: "For as often as ye eat this bread 
and drink this cup ye do show the Lord's death till he 
come." 

And the worthy partakers are, not after a carnal man- 
ner, but by faith. 

John vi. 63 : "It is the Spirit that quickeneth: the 
flesh profiteth nothing." 

Eph. iii. 17 : " That Christ may dwell in your hearts 
by faith." 

1 Cor. xii. 13: "4-nd have been all made to drink 
into one spirit." 

Made partakers of his body and blood. 

Matt. xxvi. 26, 28: "Take, eat: this is my body. 
. . . This is my blood of the New Testament, which is 
shed for many, for the remission of sins." 

With all his benefits, to their spiritual nourishment and 
growth in grace. 

John vi. 54-56 : "Whoso eateth my flesh and drink- 
eth my blood hath eternal life ; and I will raise him 
up at the last day. For my flesh is meat indeed, and 
my blood is drink indeed. He that eateth my flesh 
and drinketh my blood dwelleth in me, and I in him." 

[Our Lord here speaks not of the Lord's supper, but 



PROVED BY SCRIPTURE. 117 



of the redemption and benefits which are signified in 
the supper, — not of any carnal eating and drinking, but 
of receiving him in our hearts by faith. See John vi. 
37, 40, where " eating the bread of God" which cometh 
down from heaven, v. 35, is explained, v. 37, by the 
words "Him that cometh to me;" and v. 40, by the 
words, "Every one which seeth the -Son and believeth 
on him."] 

1 Cor. x. 16 : " The cup of blessing which we bless, 
is it not the communion of the body of Christ ?" 

Worthy receivers alone partake of these benefits. 

Ps. 1. 16: "But unto the wicked God saith, What 
hast thou to do to declare my statutes, or that thou 
shouldst take my covenant into thy mouth ?" 

Luke xiii. 26, 27: "Then shall ye begin to say, We 
have eaten and drunk in thy presence, and thou hast 
taught in our streets. But he shall say, I tell you, I 
know you not whence ye are : depart from me, all ye 
workers of iniquity." 

Q. 97. What is required to the worthy re- 
ceiving of the Lord's supper? 

A. It is required of them that would worth- 
ily partake of the Lord's supper, that they 
examine themselves of their knowledge to 
discern the Lord's body; of their faith to feed 
upon him ; of their repentance, love, and new 
obedience ; lest, coming unworthily, they eat 
and drink judgment to themselves. 

That they examine themselves. 

1 Cor. xi. 28 : "But let a man examine himself, and 
so let him eat of that bread and drink of that cup." 

Of their knowledge to discern the Lord's body : [i. e. 
whether they understand what is meant by his body 



118 THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



given for us, and by his blood which is shed for us, — as 
is represented in the bread and the cup ; and whether 
they reverentially distinguish between this supper and 
a common one.] 

1 Cor. xi. 29 : "For he that eateth and drinketh 
unworthily eateth and drinketh damnation to himself, 
not discerning the Lord's body." 

Of their faith to feed upon him. 

[Whether they do receive him as their Saviour with 
faith in his blood.] 

John vi. 57 : "He that eateth me, even he shall live 
by me." 

[This is spoken of no carnal eating, but of receiving 
him by faith.] 

Of their repentance. 

Isa. lvii. 15: "For thus saith the high and lofty 
One that inhabiteth eternity, whose name is Holy; 
I dwell in the high and holy place, with him also that 
is of a contrite and humble spirit, to revive the spirit 
of the humble, and to revive the heart of the' contrite 
ones." 

Rom. ii. 5: " But, after thy hardness and impenitent 
heart, treasurest up unto thyself wrath against the day 
of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of 
God." 

Of their love. 

1 John iv. 8: "He that loveth not knoweth not 
God ; for God is love." 

John xxi. 15: "Jesus saith to Simon Peter, Simon 
son of Jonas, lovest thou me ?" 

1 Cor. xvi. 22 : "If any man love not the Lord Jesus 
Christ, let him be Anathema Maranatha." 

And new obedience. 

Luke vi. 46 : " And why call ye me Lord, Lord, and 
do not the things which I say ?" 



PROVED BY SCRIPTURE. 



119 



Lest, coming unworthily, they eat and drink judgment to 
themselves. 

1 Cor. xi. 29: { * He that eatetli and clrinketh un- 
worthily eateth and drinketh damnation [judgment] 
to himself." 

Q. 98. What is prayer ? 

A. Prayer is an offering up of our desires 
unto God, for things agreeable to his will, in 
the name of Christ, with confession of our 
sins, and thankful acknowledgment of his 
mercies. 

Matt. xxi. 22: ;i And all things whatsoever ye shall 
ask in prayer, believing, ye shall receive." 

1 John v. 14: •'' And this is the confidence that we 
have in him, that if we ask any thing according to his 
vrill. he heareth us." 

Ps. lxii. 8: i; Trust in him at all times: ye people, 
pour out your heart before him : God is a refuge for 
us." 

James iv. 2: ;£ Ye have not, because ye ask not." 
In the name of Christ. 

John xvi. 23. 24: i; And in that day ye shall ask me 
nothing. Verily, verily, I say unto you. Whatsoever 
ye shall ask the Father in my name, he will give it you. 
Hitherto have ye asked nothing in my name : ask, and 
ye shall receive, that your joy may be full." 

With confession of sins. 

Ps. li. 3: "For I acknowledge my transgression, and 
my sin is ever before me." 

Prov. xxviii. 13: -*He that covereth his sins shall 
not prosper : but whoso confesseth and forsaketh them 
shall have mercy.* ' 

1 John i. 9 : "If we confess our sins, he is faithful 
and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from 
all unrighteousness." 



120 THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



And thankful acknowledgment of his mercies. 

Phil. iv. 6 : "Be careful for nothing ; but in every 
thing by prayer and supplication, with thanksgiving, 
let your requests be made known unto God." 

Ps. cxviii. 1 : " Oh, give thanks unto the Lord, for he 
is good : because his mercy endureth forever." 

Q. 99. What rule hath God given for our 
direction in prayer ? 

A. The whole word of God is of use to 
direct us in prayer; but the special rule of 
direction is that form of prayer which Christ 
taught his disciples, commonly called The 
Lord's prayer. 

The whole word of God is of use. 

1 John v. 14 : "If we ask any thing according to his 
will, he heareth us." 

The Lord's prayer. 

Matt. vi. 9-13: "After this manner, therefore, pray 
ye : Our Father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy 
name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth 
as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. 
And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors. 
And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from 
evil. For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and 
the glory, forever. Amen." 

Q. 100. What doth the preface of the 
Lord's prayer teach us? 

A. The preface of the Lord's prayer (which 
is, Our Father, which art in heaven) teach eth 
us to draw near to God with all holy reve- 
rence and confidence, as children to a father, 
able and ready to help us; and that we should 
pray with and for others. 



PROVED BY SCRIPTURE. 



121 



To draw nigh to God with all holy reverence and con' 
fidence. 

Rom. viii. 15 : "Ye have received the spirit of adop- 
tion, whereby we cry, Abba, Father." 

Heb. x. 19, 22: " Having therefore, brethren, bold- 
ness to enter into the holiest by the blood of Jesus. . . . 
Let us draw near with a true heart, in full assurance 
of faith." 

As children to a father ready and able to help. 

Luke xi. 13: "If ye, then, being evil, know how to 
give good gifts unto your children, how much more 
shall your heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to 
them that ask him !" 

Eph. iii. 20: "Unto him who is able to do exceeding 
abundantly above all that we ask or think." 

And that ice shoidd pray ivith and for others. 

Matt. vi. 9: "Our Father." 

1 Thess. v. 25: "Brethren, pray for us." 

Q. 101. What do we pray for in the first 
petition ? 

A. In the first petition (which is, Sallowed 
be thy name) we pray that God would enable 
lis and others to glorify him in all that 
whereby he maketh himself known; and that 
he would dispose all things to his own glory. 

Ps. li. 15: "0 Lord, open thou my lips, and my 
mouth shall show forth thy praise." 

Ps. Ixvii. 3: "Let the people praise thee, God; 
let all the people praise thee." 

John xii. 28: "Father, glorify thy name." 

Q. 102. What do we pray for in the second 
petition ? 

A. In the second petition (which is, Thy 
kingdom come) we pray that Satan's kingdom 



122 THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



may be destroyed; and that the kingdom 
of grace may be advanced, ourselves and 
others brought into it and kept in it, and 
that the kingdom of glory may be hastened. 

That Satan's kingdom may be destroyed. 

Ps. lxviii. 1 : " Let God arise, let his enemies be 
scattered : let them also that hate him flee before him." 

Rom. xvi. 20: "And the God of peace shall bruise 
Satan under your feet shortly." 

That the kingdom of grace may be advanced, and that 
ourselves and others may be brought into it. 

Ps. lxvi. 1-4: "Make a joyful noise unto God, all 
ye lands : sing forth the honour of his name : make his 
praise glorious. Say unto God, How terrible art thou 
in thy works ! through the greatness of thy power shall 
thine enemies submit themselves unto thee. All the 
earth shall worship thee, and shall sing unto thee ; 
they shall sing to thy name. Selah." 

Ps. lxvii. 1-4: "God be merciful unto us, and bless 
us ; and cause his face to shine upon us. Selah. That 
thy way may be known upon earth, thy saving health 
among all nations. Let the people praise thee, God ; 
let all the people praise thee. Oh, let the nations be 
glad, and sing for joy : for thou shalt judge the people 
righteously, and govern the nations upon earth." 

Isa. lxii. 6, 7 : "Ye that make mention of the Lord, 
keep not silence, and give him no rest, till he establish, 
and till he make Jerusalem a praise in the earth." 

Ps. lxxii. 11, 15: "Yea, all kings shall fall down 
before him ; all nations shall serve him. . . . And he 
shall live, and to him shall be given the gold of Sheba ; 
prayer also shall be made for him continually, and 
daily shall he be praised." 

And be kept in it. 

Jude 24, 25: "Now unto him that is able to keep 
you from falling, and to present you faultless before 



PROVED BY SCRIPTURE. 



123 



the presence of his glory with exceeding joy, to the 
only wise God cur Saviour, be glory and majesty, do- 
minion and power, both now and ever. Amen." 

And the kingdom of glory hastened. 

Rev. xxii. 20: "He which testifieth these things 
saith. Surely I come quickly : Amen. Even so, come. 
Lord Jesus." 

Q. 103. What do we pray for in the third 
petition ? 

A. In the third petition (which is, Thy will 
be done in earth, as it is in heaven) we pray- 
that God, by his grace, would make us able 
and willing to know, obey, and submit to his 
will in all things, as the angels do in heaven. 

Ps. cxix. 36: " Incline my heart unto thy testi- 
monies." 

Ps. cxix. IS: " Open thou mine eyes, that I may 
behold wondrous things out of thy law." 

Ps cxix. 85: "Make me to go in the path of thy 
commandments ; for therein do I delight." 

Matt. xxvi. 42: •• Father, if this cup may not pass 
away from me except I drink it, thy will be done." 

1 Sam. iii. 18: '-It is the Lord: let him do what 
seemeth him good." 

Ps. ciii. 22: 4 'Bless the Lord, all his works in all 
places of his dominion: bless the Lord, my soul." 

Q. 104. What do we pray for in the fourth 
petition? 

A. In the fourth petition (which is, Give as 
this day our daily bread) we pray that of 
God's free gift we may receive a competent 
portion ;: the good things of this life, and 
enjoy his blessing with them. 



124 THE SHORTER CATECHISM 



That of God's free gift we may receive a competent por- 
tion of the good things of this life. 

Gen. xxviii. 20, 21 : " And Jacob vowed a vow, say- 
ing, If God will be with me, and will keep me in this 
way that I go, and will give me bread to eat, and rai- 
ment to put on, so that I come again to my father's 
house in peace; then shall the Lord be my God." 

Prov. xxx. 8, 9: "Give me neither poverty nor 
riches : feed me with food convenient for me : lest I be 
full, and deny thee, and say, Who is the Lord? or lest I 
be poor, and steal, and take the name of my God in 
vain." 

Matt. vi. 25, 26 : " Therefore I say unto you, Take 
no thought for your life, what ye shall eat, or what ye 
shall drink ; nor yet for your body, what ye shall put 
on. Is not the life more than meat, and the body than 
raiment ? Behold the fowls of the air : for they sow 
not, neither do they reap, nor gather into barns ; yet 
your heavenly Father feedeth them. Are ye not much 
better than they?" 

And enjoy his blessing with them. 

Prov. x. 22: "The blessing of the Lord, it maketh 
rich, and he addeth no sorrow with it." 

1 Tim. vi. 6-11 : "But godliness with contentment is 
great gain. For we brought nothing into this world, 
and it is certain we can carry nothing out. And having 
food and raiment, le-t us be therewith content. But 
they that will be rich fall into temptation, and a snare, 
and into many foolish and hurtful lusts, which drown 
men in destruction and perdition. For the love of 
money is the root of all evil : which while some coveted 
after, they have erred from the faith, and pierced them- 
selves through with many sorrows. But thou, man 
of God, flee these things; and follow after righteous- 
ness, godliness, faith, love, patience, meekness." 

Q. 105. What do we pray for in the fifth 
petition ? 



PROVED BY SCRIPTURE. 



125 



A. In the fifth petition (which is, And for- 
give its our debts, as we forgive our debtors') we 
pray that God, for Christ's sake, would freely 
pardon all our sins j which we are the rather 
encouraged to ask because by his grace we 
are enabled from the heart to forgive others. 

Matt. vi. 14 : " For if ye forgive men their trespasses, 
your heavenly Father will also forgive you." 

Rom. iv. 7, 8: " Blessed are they whose iniquities 
are forgiven. . . . Blessed is the man to whom the Lord 
will not impute sin." 

Jer. xxxi. 34 : " For I will forgive their iniquity, and 
I will remember their sin no more." 

Q. 106. What do we pray for in the sixth 
petition ? 

A. In the sixth petition (which is. And lead 
us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil) 
we pray that God would either keep us from 
being tempted to sin, or support and deliver 
us when we are tempted. 

Ps. cxix. 117: "Hold thou me up, and I shall be 
safe.'" 

Ps. xxxvii. 23, 24: "The steps of a good man are 
ordered by the Lord; and he delighteth in his way. 
Though he fall, he shall not be utterly cast down: for 
the Lord upholdeth him with his hand.'' 

1 Cor. x. 13: "God is faithful, who will not suffer 
you to be tempted above that ye are able : but will 
with the temptation also make a way to escape, that ye 
may be able to bear it.'' 

Matt. xxvi. 41 : " "Watch and pray, that ye enter not 
into temptation.' 7 

Ps. xix. 12, 13: "Who can understand his errors? 
Cleanse thou me from secret faults. Keep back thy 
servant also from presumptuous sins: let them not 
11* 



126 THE SHORTER CATECHISM. 



have dominion over me : then shall I be upright, and 
I shall be innocent from the great transgression." 

Q. 107. What doth the conclusion of the 
Lord's prayer teach us ? 

A. The conclusion of the Lord's prayer 
(which is, For thine is the kingdom, and the 
power, and the glory, forever, Amen) teacheth 
us to take our encouragement in prayer from 
God only ; and in our prayers to praise him, 
ascribing kingdom, power, and glory to him. 
And in testimony of our desire and assurance 
to be heard, we say, Amen. 

To take our encouragement in prayer from God only. 

Ps. lxii. 5-7: "My soul, wait thou only upon God; 
for my expectation is from him. He only is my rock 
and my salvation : he is my defence ; I shall not be 
moved. In God is my salvation and my glory: the 
rock of my strength, and my refuge, is in God." 

And in our prayers to praise him, ascribing kingdom, 
power, and glory to him. 

1 Chron. xxix. 11-13 : " Thine, Lord, is the great- 
ness, and the power, and the glory, and the victory, 
and the majesty : for all that is in the heaven and in 
the earth is thine ; thine is the kingdom, Lord, and 
thou art exalted as head above all. Both riches and 
honour come of thee, and thou reignest over all ; and 
in thine hand is power and might ; and in thine hand 
it is to make great, and to give strength unto all. Now 
therefore, our God, we thank thee, and praise thy 
glorious name." 

And in testimony of our desire to be heard, we say, Amen. 

Ps. xli. 13: "Blessed be the Lord God of Israel 
from everlasting and to everlasting. Amen, and 
Amen." 

THE END. 



SUNDAY-SCHOOL BOOKS 



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(Handsomely bound in muslin, iciih gilt backs.) 



Nature's Wonders; 

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Price 23 cents, illustrated. 

In this book the wonders of God's working in nature 
are shown in a series of interesting conversations. Il- 
lustrated by numerous wood-cuts. 

A Will and a Way : 

A Temperance Story, in verse. 95 pages, 20 cents, 
with four illustrations. 

The story of a heroic lad, by whose efforts a father 
was rescued from drunkenness. It is told with spirit, 
and will be read with pleasure and profit. 

The Lamp and Lantern ; 

Or, Light for the Tent and Traveller. By Jaites 
Hamilton, D.D., of London. 202 pages. 30 cents. 

This book should be read by every Sunday-school 
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Isabel ; 

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A series of lessons on good influences, pointed and 
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A deeply-interesting Swiss narrative, showing the 
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Kenneth Forfoes ; 

Or, Fourteen Ways of Studying the Bible. 298 pages, 
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A book leading to the Bible, and making it more 
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Johnny M'Kay; 

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The story of an honest boy's efforts, of temptation 
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A capitally-told tale, showing the result of kind 
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Margaret Craven; 

Or, Beauty of the Heart. 175 pages, 33 cents, five 
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A narrative showing the insufficiency of all worldly 
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Cheerful Chapters; 

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Admirably-written chapters, — happily teaching by 
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The Happy Resolve: 

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An English narrative, exhibiting the rescue of a 
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The Children of the Bible. 

122 pages, 18 cents, with illustrations. 

Very well told histories of the children mentioned 
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Arnold Leslie; 

Or, The Young Skeptic. 257 pages, 38 cents, five 
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The history of a Scotch boy, who worked his way 
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Ellen and Sarah ; 

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Three instructive narratives. Ellen and Sarah are 
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" Trust in God" is touchingly taught by the history 
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The Lost Key. 

178 pages, 30 cents, five illustrations. 

One of the delightful books of an admirable writer. 
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CONSTANTLY 1ST HAND, 

A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF 

BIBLES, TESTAMENTS, 

AND VALUABLE 

RELIGIOUS AND THEOLOGICAL WOEKS. 



THE CHURCH PSALMIST, 

Of different sizes and in various bindings. 



SUNDA-Y-SCHOOL LIBRARIES- 

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pastor in his ministrations and prove a profitable investment 
to the Church. Books are the preacher's tools, and it is for the 
good of the field that he should be well supplied. 



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An Inquiry into the Organization and Government of the 








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Confession of Faith and Form of Government. 1 vol 


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Shorter Catechism, with Analysis and Proofs in full. By 








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Xo. 2. — The Perseverance of the Saints 


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Xo. 4— Is it Well with Thee? 


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